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poli theory test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hobbes' definition of power | present means to obtain future apparent good |
| Hobbes' definition of war | every man against every man, known disposition to war and no assurance that it won't happen |
| Hobbes' definition of commonwealth | opposite of state of nature, one person who acts to ensure mutual defense of everyone |
| Hobbes' definition of sovereign | the person or organization of people in charge, authority holding enforcement of social contract, have sovereign power over people/subjects |
| why does Hobbes say people have unceasing urge for power | equality of ability -> diffidence -> war never have enough to ensure your power you always need more |
| for Hobbes why does right/wrong/justice have no place in war | no common power = no law = no injustice |
| Hobbes purpose of commonwealth | to control state of nature and violence among men |
| Hobbes only way to create commonwealth | confer all wills of all men into one person/body to execute that will |
| Hobbes' two modes of sovereign power acquisition | 1. natural force 2. political commonwealth/commonwealth by institution |
| 3 reasons why no one doubts the humanity of slaves (Douglass) | 1. subject to laws, esp about reading 2. engaged in work/enterprise same as whites 3. disobedience punished |
| how the slave system hates slave families | often separates family members treats them as sub-human no records kept makes family members strangers, children but no family unclear parentage, white men father slaves |
| why both slave and slaveholder are oppressed by slave system | oppressive systems hurt both in different ways -slaves are hurt b/c whole life controlled by slavery and others, no liberty, hurt and beaten -slaveholders reason is imprisoned and passion run wild, lose honorable character |
| Douglass' account of first anti-slavery talk he heard | denounced system and talked about rights of man now saw roots of slavery as corrupt and unnatural |
| Douglass' argument of why slaves can steal morally | system plunders them they can plunder the system -both liberty and rewards of labor are stolen from slaves so then slaves can steal from their or other owners -free society morals don't apply to slaves society |
| Douglass' experience with Covey | -covey broke him + others completely, continrual violence physical and psych consequences -stood up to him, fought back, then was left alone |
| Toqueville's view of 2 parties in France | have and have nots in terms of property |
| Toqueville's 3 traits of socialism | 1. appeal to material passions of man 2. attack on private property 3. opposition to personal liberty and the individual |
| why Toqueville thinks liberalism and socialism are in opposition | liberalism/democracy promotes personal liberty/independence, socialism opposes it equality of liberty or of constraint/servitude |
| why Gaus disagrees with feminists saying personhood is affected by other people's views | 1. requires restrictions of acceptable views 2. equal civil status is possible 3. must assume minimal moral autonomy 4. if moral autonomy doesn't exist then other's thoughts are your business |
| Anderson's account of switch in economic liberation from Smith to Marx | -equality of authority, esteem, and standing -industrialization changed everything, made wage labor permanent state and increased DoL |
| why was free labor doomed? (Anderson) | 1. never addressed women's unpaid labor 2. industrialization, large-scale increased wage labor 3. still included hierarchy that is incongruent with equality |
| private government (Anderson) | No right to know No right to be considered No right to decide Not accountable to you |
| 4 remedies for private government (Anderson) | (1) exit - end contractual barriers (2) the rule of law - laws must be duly passed, equally applied, due process, anything not mentioned ok (3) substantive constitutional rights - workers' bill of rights (4) voice - unions + workforce democracy |
| "best form of polity" (Marx) | social conditions not blurred or kept down -> contradictions reach stage of open struggle so that they are resolved |
| one great fact of 19th c. (Marx) | revolutionary atmosphere in Europe |
| judge + executioner (Marx) | judge: history executioner: working class |
| 2 victories of labor over capital (Marx) | 1. principle + practical victory of 10 hr bill in UK - better for workers + caving to workers mvmt 2. cooperative movement and cooperative factories - possible to have production without masters |
| resolutions 1-4 of Declaration of Sentiments | 1. laws that contradict women's true happiness are invalid 2. laws can't stop women from taking a station she wants + can't make her inferior to men 3. women and men are equal 4. women should be enlightened + assert the rights they want |
| resolutions 5-8 of Declaration of Sentiments | 5. women + men are equal intellects and women can teach/preach religion 6. same behavior required of women and men, held to same standards 7. women should be in public spaces without ridicule 8. women should take whole sphere that they have |
| resolutions 9-12 of Declaration of Sentiments | 9. duty of women to get suffrage 10. equal rights because of equal capabilities 11. success depends on getting women in roles they are excluded from 12. right and duty of women to promote righteous causes and participate in issue debates |
Created by:
sarahm-m
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