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Evolution stuff

Evolution stuff, biology exam 1 part 4

QuestionAnswer
Definition of Natural selection Traits that have evolved to fit the habitat are able to survive and reproduce while traits that aren't fit to the environment can't survive
Role of variation Variation arises from mutations and sexual reproduction, providing diversity for natural selection
Definition of fitness An organism's ability to survive, reproduce, and pass on genes
How does natural selection relate to fitness Natural selection affects both fitness and survive
Definition of unequal reproductive success Individuals with advantageous traits reproduce more, driving evolution
Mutation Creating new variants
Sexual reproduction Reproducing from mating and making offspring (combines genetic material from two parents)
Gene flow Movement of genes between populations
Genetic recombination Exchange of genetic material during Meiosis
Definition of adaptive evolution Populations become better suited to their environments over generations
Process of adaptive evolution Natural selection, mutation, gene flow, genetic recombination
historical constraints on natural selection and evolution Evolution builds on existing traits
Other factors of natural selection and evolution Genetic drift, gene flow, environmental changes, genetic constraints, trade-offs
Definition of genetic drift Random changes in allele frequencies, more impactful on small populations
Bottleneck effect Drastic decrease in population size
Founder effect New population established by a small number of individuals
Relation of bottleneck and founder effect to genetic drift Both lead to stronger genetic drift due to the small population size
Impact of genetic duplication Provides extra genetic material that can evolve new functions, increasing genetic drift
Genetic drift Random and reduces genetic diversity
Created by: josie_d
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