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mendelian genetics

QuestionAnswer
Who is known as the "Father of Genetics"? Gregor Mendel
What plant did Mendel use for his experiments? Garden pea (Pisum sativum)
What was Mendel’s key discovery about inheritance? Traits are inherited as discrete particles (now called genes), not by blending.
What are the three fundamental laws of Mendelian genetics?pt.1 Law of Uniformity:In a monohybrid cross, the F1 generation shows only the dominant trait. Law of Segregation:Each parent passes only one allele per gene to their offspring.
What are the three fundamental laws of Mendelian genetics?pt.2 Law of Independent Assortment :Alleles for different traits are inherited independently.
What was Mendel’s monohybrid cross experiment? He crossed true-breeding pea plants for one trait (e.g., smooth vs. wrinkled seeds).
What were the F1 and F2 results of the monohybrid cross? F1 Generation – All showed the dominant trait (Smooth: Ss). F2 Generation – A 3:1 ratio (75% Smooth, 25% Wrinkled).
What were the results of Mendel’s dihybrid cross? Crossed plants with two traits (e.g., seed shape & color). F2 Ratio: 9:3:3:1, proving independent assortment.
Allele Variant of a gene
Autosome Non-sex chromosome (22 pairs in humans)
Dominant Allele Masks recessive allele effects (e.g., S in Ss)
Genotype Genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype Physical expression of a genotype
Homozygote Two identical alleles (e.g., SS or ss)
Heterozygote Two different alleles (e.g., Ss)
Recessive Allele Expressed only in homozygous form (e.g., ss)
How do Mendel’s laws relate to meiosis? Segregation occurs when homologous chromosomes separate in Anaphase I. Independent Assortment happens during Metaphase I when chromosomes line up randomly.
How was Mendel’s work later supported? The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance (Sutton & Boveri) confirmed that genes are carried on chromosomes.
Created by: REDZ17
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