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Meghan Stewart

Anatomy Sci 220-08 Spring 2025 Weeks 1-5

QuestionAnswer
What is the proper order of the levels of organization in the body? Atom, Molecules, Macromolecules, Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, System, Organism
What are the 2 major body cavities? The Dorsal Cavity and the Ventral Cavity
What sub cavities are in the dorsal cavity? The cranial and spinal cavities
What sub-cavities are in the Ventral body cavity? Thoracic cavity, Abdominopelvic cavity
What is Metabolism? The sum total of all physical and chemical reactions occurring in the living body.
What is Anatomical Position? Body erect with arms at sides and palms forward. Head and feet pointing forward.
What is the function of Mitochondria? The powerhouse of the cells that provide energy needed by the cell to carry on day to day functioning, growth and repair.
What is the Golgi Apparatus? a set of sacs that provides a "packaging" service to the cell by storing material for future internal use or for export from the cell. Processes protein molecules from the ER.
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)? a network of channels within the cell that act as highways for the movement of chemicals and as sites for chemical processing.
What is Cytoplasm? a gel-like internal substance of cells that includes many organelles suspended in watery intracellular fluid called Cytosol
What is the function of Rough ER? Functions in protein synthesis, membrane sysnthesis, and intracellular transportation. Has Ribosomes on outer membrane wall, The Ribosomes synthesize proteins, which fold within the RER and move towards the Golgi apparatus and eventually leave the cell.
What is the function of smooth ER? Makes enzymes that detoxify cell. makes enzymes that regulate conversion of glycogen to glucose for energy. Synthesizes lipids and carbs to create membranes throughout the cell.Removes and stores CA++ from the cells interior.
What is a Ribosome? a non membranous structure made of 2 pieces. A large and small subunit. Each is composed of rRNA and protein. Ribosomes in the ER make proteins for export to be embedded in plasma membrane and free ribosomes make proteins for the cells domestic use.
What is a lysosome? A cells digestive system; enzymes in lysosomes digest the protein structures of unneeded or defective cell parts (autophagy), inc. membrane proteins, and particles that become trapped in the cell, repairs cell membranes and releases sub from the cell.
What is a Proteasome? Hollow, protein cylinders found throughout the cytoplasm. Break down abnormal or misfolded proteins and normal proteins no longer needed by the cell (and which may cause disease). Helps break down protein molecules.
What are Peroxisomes? Small membranous sacs containing enzymes that detoxify harmful substances that enter the cells.
What is the function of the Nucleus? The nucleus contains the DNA (heredity molecules). The DNA in the nucleus determines both the structural and function of cells and heredity.
What are Microvilli? found in epithelial cells that line the intestines and other areas where absorption is important; they help increase the surface area manyfold
What are Cilia? cell processes that have cylinders made of microtubules and molecular motors at their core. Cilia are shorter and found in groups that have coordinated oarlike movements that brush material past the cell’s surface; all cilia have sensory functions
What are flagella? Flagella are found only on human sperm cells; flagella move with a tail-like movement that propels the sperm cell forward
What are the 3 types of direct cell connections? Desomosomes, Gap Junctions, and Tight Junctions
Created by: meghans0931
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