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science of life

QuestionAnswer
what is evolution? the gradual change in the genetic material of a population of organisms over a period of time.
what are the two key theories of evolution, who came up with them and which one was discredited? the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin, supported by Alfred Wallace. the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics by jean-Baptiste Lamarck which was discredited.
what ship did Charles Darwin sail on, were did he mostly focus on and how long was he gone? he sailed on the HMS Beagle, he mainly focused on the Galapagos islands and was gone from 1831 - 1836
what is the theory of natural selection? individuals best suited to their environment survive, passing on the favourable traits to their offspring, leading to evolution over time.
what is the theory of acquired characteristics. if an animal somehow altered a body structure it would change on to its offspring.
what is natural selection? is a mechanism of evolution
what are the four main principals of natural selection? variation, selection pressure, favourable traits and change over time.
NATURAL SELECTION - what is variation? variation already exists within a population.
NATURAL SELECTION - what is selection pressure? any reason for organism's with a certain trait to either have a survival advantage or disadvantage.
NATURAL SELECTION - what is a favourable trait? individuals with the favourable trait survive and reproduce and pass on that trait to their offspring.
NATURAL SELECTION - what will happen overtime? over time the population with change.
what is a selection pressure? certain factors that may cause a particular trait to have a better chance at survival than others.
what is artificial selection? when organisms are bred with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits.
what defines a species? a group of living organisms that can breed together and produce fertile offspring.
what is speciation and when does it occur? it is when a new species is created. it either occurs when one species splits or when they evolve.
what are the three processes of speciation? an isolating mechanism, different selection pressures, a new species is formed.
SPECIATION - what is an isolating mechanism? when populations of the same species becomes isolated by a barrier.
SPECIATION - what are different selection pressure? when the isolated population are exposed to different selection pressures.
SPECIATION - how is a new species formed? over time enough differences occur that the two populations can no longer breed and produce fertile offspring.
what are the 6 isolating mechanisms? mechanical, behavioural, ecological, geographic, temporal and gametic isolation.
ISOLATING MECHANISMS - what is mechanical isolation? different reproductive parts
ISOLATING MECHANISMS - what is behavioural isolation? species in the same area are capable of breeding but have different mating rituals.
ISOLATING MECHANISMS - what is ecological isolation? when species occupy different habits.
ISOLATING MECHANISMS - what is geographic isolation? when species are separated by geographical barriers.
ISOLATING MECHANISMS - what is temporal isolation? when species reproduce at different times.
what is divergent evolution? when two or more species diverge from a common ancestor. species that show divergent evolution have homologous structures.
what is a homologous structure and what is an example of one? physical structures that are similer between animals despite evolution. eg. pentadactyl limbs (limbs with t fingers/toes)
what is convergent evolution? when unrelated organisms evolve similer adaptations die to their environment.
what are the two types of evolution? divergent and convergent evolution
what are the three types of structures and with type of evolution does it occur in? homologous structures = divergent evolution analogous structures = convergent evolution vestigial structures = both
what is a an analogous structure and what is an example of one? features that have the same function, but are not necessarily homologous in structure. eg. different wings
what is a vestigial structure what what is an example of one? structures once used by our ancestors but have reduced in size and function due to lack of selection pressure. eg. wisdom teeth
Created by: harperhh
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