Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Infectious diseases
patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| human or animal colonized by pathogen | host |
| microorganisms capable of causing infectious disease | pathogen |
| invasion, colonization, and multiplication of pathogens | infection |
| virulence: | ability to produce disease |
| resovoir: | source of pathogen |
| epidemiology: | study of disease distributions |
| incidence: | number of NEW infection cases ex: news of covid outbreak in a nursing home |
| prevalence: | number of ongoing infections |
| When is a disease considered endemic? | when incidence and prevalence are stable |
| epidemic: | abrupt increase in incidence in location |
| pandemic: | global spread of disease |
| immunoglobulins | found on the surface of B cells; they may be undifferentiated and provide general defense initially |
| when do normal microbial flora become an issue? | when they invade areas they are not supposed to be in ex: staph is on our skin but it causes illness when in our blood |
| list the 9 portals of entry into the body: | -skin -respiratory tract -GI tract -urinary tract -reproductive tract -blood -maternal-fetal -eyes -open wounds |
| what are the 5 stages of infection? | 1)incubation 2)prodromal 3)acute 4)convalescent 5)resolution |
| describe the incubation stage of infection: | -microbes begin replication -no symptoms shown -can range from 24 hours to a few months -can be contagious in this stage |
| describe the prodromal stage of infection: | -initial symptoms appear, often vague and general -person is highly contagious |
| describe the acute stage of infection: | -full infectious disease signs and symptoms are present -immune system is fully engaged -highly contagious |
| describe the convalescent stage of infection: | -body is containing the infection and eliminating the pathogens -can last days-months |
| describe the resolution stage of infection: | pathogen is eliminated from the body |
| what is the most common clinical microbiology stain? | gram stain |
| what are 3 ways we can prevent infectious diseases as nurses? | -washing hands -disinfecting equipment before and after use -vaccines |
| staphylococcus aureus: | -gram-positive bacteria -is the leading cause of health care-associated infections -can invade almost every system in the body |
| what are 2 examples of antibiotic resistance to S. aureus? | -MRSA -VRSA |
| group A beta hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS): | -harmful because it produces toxins -can evade the immune system -can cause complication post-infection |
| what parts of the body can GABHS affect? (6) | -throat -skin -lungs -blood -heart -kidneys |
| pesudomonas aeruginosa: | -gram-negative bacteria -most common bacteria found in patients after being in the hospital for over a week |
| what are the the 6 portals of entry for P. aeruginosa? | -skin -respiratory tract -GI tract -urinary tract -eyes -open wounds |
| list the 9 symptoms for bacterial meningitis: | -nuchal rigidity -nausea -headache -rash -v+ -fever -photophobia -seizures -confusion |
| what are the 2 tests for meningitis? | Kernig's sign and Brudzinski's sign |
| Kernig's sign: | pt lies on back and bends one leg. doctor will straighten that leg, if it hurts that is a sign |
| Brudzinski's sign: | pt lies on back with legs straight. If pt bends their knees while doctor is passively flexing their neck, it is a sign |
| what is used to diagnose meningitis? | lumbar puncture |
| what bacteria is the most common cause of UTIs in women? | E. coli |
| hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS): | affects the kidneys and blood clotting system, so small blood vessels become damaged and inflamed. This damage can cause clots to form in the vessels. The clots then clog the filtering system in the kidneys, leading to kidney failure. |
| this bacterium is spore-forming and will not be killed with hand sanitizer: | Clostridium difficile |
| symptoms of clostridium difficile: (3) | -unlimmmmmited D+ -abdominal pain -fever |
| who is at risk for getting C. difficile? (1) | after someone has gone through long-term antibiotic use (disrupts normal microbiome) |
| how is COVID-19 spread? (1) | droplet transmission |
| list the 10 symptoms for COVID-19: | -weakness -headache -anosmia -V+ -D+ -nausea -dyspnea -rhinorrhea -dry cough -fever |
| list the labs/diagnosis of COVID-19: (8) | -lymphopenia -elevated ESR -elevated CRP -elevated TNF alpha -elevated interleukins -chest x-ray (CXR) -CT scan -PCR test via nasal swab |
| what are the ways influenza type A can be spread? (3) | -respiratory droplets -direct contact -indirect contact |
| list the 6 symptoms for influenza type A: | -fever -chills -headache -myalgia -cough -pharyngeal irritation |
| who is at risk for a fungal infection? (3) | -immunocompromised -diabetics -those on long-term antibiotics |
| what are the 4 types of localized candida infections? | -C. albicans -thrush/oropharyngeal candidiasis -vulvovaginal candidiasis -balanitis (infection of penis) |
| what type of candida infection is most common in GI and vaginal tracts? | C. albicans |
| what symptoms does thrush/oropharyngeal candidiasis cause? (3) | -dry mouth -fluffy white lesions on tongue -loss of taste |
| what symptoms does vulvovaginal candidiasis cause? (4) | -itching -painful sex -discharge -dysuria |
| what symptoms does balanitis cause? (2) | severe burning and itching that spreads to thighs, booty, and scrotum |
| what are the primary hosts of toxoplasmosis? | cats :( |
| what 2 ways is toxoplasmosis spread? | -raw meat contamination -cat poop |
| who is at a higher risk for toxoplasmosis? (2) | -immunocompromised -pregnant women if you are pregnant and have a cat, don't scoop out the litter box |
| what is an example of a prion in animals and humans? | mad cow disease |
| how is mad cow disease spread? | through meat and bone meal that is fed to cattle |
Created by:
akgross
Popular Nursing sets