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Survey of Eukarya
Eukarya classification, characteristics, etc.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nuclear Division | - When nucleus has one/two complete copies of genome (haploid:single-copy;diploid;two-copies) - 2 types: Mitosis & Meiosis |
| Mitosis | - A form of Nuclear Division - replicate DNA equally between two nuclei from cell partition - four phases: PMAT |
| Meiosis | - A form of Nuclear Division - Partitions chromatids into four nuclei (diploid nuclei produces haploid daughter nuclei) - 2 stages/4 phases: PMAT I & PMAT II |
| Protozoa (Eukarya classification) | - Eukaryotic - chemoheterotrophic (Dinoflagellates & euglenoids: photoautotrophic) - Unicellular - Lack a cell wall - Motile via cilia,flagella and/or pseudopods (except subgroup: apicomplexans) |
| Distribution of Protozoa | - Req. moist environments - Most live in ponds, streams, lakes & oceans (others in moist soil, beach sand & decaying organics) - very few are pathogens |
| Morphology of Protozoa | - Some have two nuclei (macronucleus & micronucleus) - Variety in number and kinds of mitochondria - Diff. stages in life cycle: Motile feeding stage (trophozoite) & Resting stage (cyst) |
| Parabasala | - Class of Protozoa - Lack mitochondria - Have a single nucleus - Contain para basal body (golgi-body like structure) - Trichomonas** (Trichomoniasis; STI) |
| Diplomonadida | - Class of Protozoa - Lack mitochondria, Golgi bodies and peroxisomes - Two equal-sized nuclei and multiple flagella - Giardia** (Giardisis; Intestinal infection) |
| Euglenozoa | - Class of Protozoa - Plant & animal characteristics - Flagella w/ crystalline rod - Mitochondria w/ disk-shaped cristae |
| Euglenids | - Class of Protozoa (Euglenozoa subgroup) - Photoautotrophic - Unicellular microbes w/ chloroplasts - Store foods as polysaccharides (paramylon) |
| Kinetoplastids | - Class of Protozoa (Euglenozoa subgroup) - Kinetoplast (mitochondrial DNA region) - Trypanosoma** (Human African trypanosomiasis; sleeping sickness) - Leishmania** (skin lesions & ulcers) |
| Alveolata | - Class of Protozoa - Alveoli (membrane-bound cavities) |
| Ciliates | - Class of Protozoa (Alveolata subgroup) - Use cilia to move - Chemoheterotrophic - 2 nuclei - Balantidium** (balantidiasis) |
| Apicomplexans | - Class of Protozoa (Alveolata subgroup) - Chemoheterotrophic - Pathogens of animals - Plasmodium** (Malaria; Mosquito bite) - Cryptosporidium** (Respiratory & gastrointestinal illnesses) - Toxoplasma** (Toxoplasmosis) |
| Dinoflagellates | - Class of Protozoa (Alveolata subgroup) - Unicellular microbes w/ photsynthetic pigments - Motile = two flagella - Many are bioluminescent - Abundance in marine water causes red tides - Some produce neurotoxins |
| Rhizaria | - Class of Protozoa - Amoebas that move & feed w/ pseudopods - Amoebas w/ threadlike pseudopods |
| Foraminifera | - Class of Protozoa (Rhizaria subgroup) - Often live attached to ocean floor - Most are fossil species |
| Radiolaria | - Class of Protozoa ( Rhizaria subgroup) - Have ornate shells of silica - Live as part of marine plankton |
| Amoebozoa | - Class of Protozoa - Amoebas w/ lobe-shaped pseudopods + no shells - Naegleria** (brain-eating) - Acanthamoeba** (Achanthamoeba keratisis) - Entamoeba** (Amebiasis; Intestinal illness) |
| Slime molds | - Class of Protozoa (Amoebozoa subgroup) - 2 types: Plasmodial & cellular |
| Significance of Fungi | - Decompose dead organisms & recycles their nutrients - Produces antibiotics & other drugs - 30% cause disease to plants, animals, and humans |
| Morphology of Fungi | - Two basic body shapes: Molds (composed of hyphae) & Yeasts (composed of a single cell) - Some are dimorphic (produce both yeast/moldlike shapes) + subject to change in response to environment |
| Nutrition of Fungi | - Acquire nutrients by absorption - Most are saprobes ( lives on decaying matter) - Most are aerobic (many yeasts are faculatative anaerobes) |
| Reproduction of Fungi | - All have some means of asexual reproduction involving mitosis & cytokinesis - Most reproduce sexually Asexual: Budding & asexual spore formation Sexual: Fungal spores with mating types of "plus" & "minus" |
| Zygomycota (conjugated fungi) | - Class of Fungi - 1100 known species - Most are saprobes (others are obligate parasites of insects/other fungi) - Reproduce ASEXUALLY via sporangiospore |
| Microsporidia | - Class of Fungi (Zygomycota subgroup) - Obligate intracellular parasites - Spread as small, resistant spores |
| Ascomycota (sac fungi) | - Class of Fungi - 32,000 known species - Form ascospores in sacs called asci* (spores formed after sexual rep.) - reproduce ASEXUALLY by condiospores - Many are beneficial (Penicillum & Saccharomyces) |
| Basidiomycota (club fungi) | - Class of Fungi - 22,000 known species - Basidiocarps fruiting bodies that produces spores) - affect humans in many ways (decomposers that return nutrients to soil, produce hallucinatory chemicals, etc.) |
| Lichens | - Class of Fungi (fungi + algae) - Symbiotic relationship: Algae makes own food, fungi feeds off it - Three basic shapes: foliose, crustose, fruticose - Creates soil from weathered rocks, eaten, etc. |
| Distribution of Algae | - Most are aquatic (live in photic zone of bodies of water) - Have accessory photosynthetic pigments that trap energy of short-wavelength light |
| Morphology of Algae | - Have differing morphologies (unicellular, colonial, simple multicellular bodies, etc.) |
| Reproduction of Algae | Unicellular Algae: Asexual (mitosis + cytokinesis) & Sexual (gametes form zygotes + meiosis) Multicellular Algae: Asexual (fragmentation) & Sexual (alternation of generations) |
| Euglenozoa (Algae) | Photsynthetic pigment: Chlorophyll A & B Cell Wall: None (Pellicle) Cell morphology: variable, elongated Food storage: Paramylon (LPS) |
| Chlorophyta/Chloroplastida | Photsynthetic pigment: Chl.A & B Cell Wall: Cellulose Cell morphology: Varied Food storage: Starch |
| Chlorophyta/Chlorplastida | Photsynthetic pigment: Chl. A & B Cell Wall: Cellulose Cell morphology: Filamentous Food storage: Starch |
| Parasitic Helminths (Vectors) | Eukaryotes - Parasitic worms (microscopic stages) - Arthropod vectors (animals that carry pathogens: mechanical/biological vectors) ex: Ticks/fleas/mosquitos/etc. - Disease vectors belong to two classes (Arachnida & Insecta) |
| Fungi | Eukaryotes -Chemoheterotrophic - Chitlin cell walls - Reproduce both sexually (fusing + & - haploid hyphae spores) & asexually (budding) Multicellular: Molds & Mushrooms (made of mycelia<- hyphae filaments) Unicellular: Yeasts |
| Protozoa | Eukaryotes - Consumes organic chemicals - Some reproduce sexually (gametes/conjugation) & asexually (binary fission/schizogony) - motile via cilia/flagella/pseudopods |
| Algae | Eukaryotes - Cellulose cell walls - Reproduces both sexually (gamete) fusion & asexually (binary fission) - Photosynthesis 4 energy - Produces molecular oxygen/organic compounds |
Created by:
chianti
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