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Survey of Bacteria
Bacteria classification, characteristics, etc.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bacteria | - Most similar to earliest bacteria - Autotrophic |
| Aquifex | - Type of Bacteria - Represents earliest branch of bacteria |
| Deinococcus | - Type of Bacteria - Outer membrane similar to Gram-negatives, BUT stains Gram-positive (purple) |
| Phototrophic Bacteria | - Phototrophs (contain photsynthetic lamellae) - Most are autotrophic - Divided into 5 groups based on pigments: Blue-green, Green sulfur, Green nonsulfur, Purple sulfur, Purple nonsulfur |
| Cyanobacteria | - Gram-negative (stains PINK) - Phototrophs |
| Clostridia | - Low G+C Gram-Positive Bacteria - Rod-shaped - Obligate anaerobes - Form endospores - Important in medicine and industry |
| Mycoplasmas | - Low G+C Gram-Positive Bacteria - Facultative/obligate anaerobes - colonizes mucous membranes of respiratory & urinary tracts |
| Bacillus | - Low G+C Gram-Positive Bacteria - Form endospores - **Bacillus Thuringiensis (toxin used as insecticide) - **Bacillus anthracis (causes anthrax) |
| Listeria | - Low G+C Gram-Positive Bacteria - Contaminates milk and meat - Can cross placenta in pregnant women |
| Lactobacillus | - Low G+C Gram-Positive Bacteria - Grows in body but rarely causes disease - Production of various foods (fermented dairy; ex: yogurt) |
| Streptococcus & Enterococcus | - Low G+C Gram-Positive Bacteria - causes numerous diseases - various strains of multi-drug resistant streptococci |
| Staphylococcus | - Low G+C Gram-Positive Bacteria - one of most common human inhabitants - produces toxins & enzymes contributing to disease |
| Corynebacterium | - High G+C Gram-Positive Bacteria - Pleomorphic aerobes & facultative anaerobes - Produces metachromatic granules |
| Mycobacterium | - High G+C Gram-Positive Bacteria - Aerobic rods (sometimes form filaments) - Slow growth due to mycolic acid in cell walls |
| Actinomycetes | - High G+C Gram-Positive Bacteria - Form branching filaments resembling fungi - Important genera: Actinomyces, Nocardia, Streptomyces |
| Gram-Negative Proteobacteria | - Largest/most diverse class of bacteria - Six classes of proteobacteria (alpha, beta, gamma, Delta, epsilon, zeta) |
| Alphaproteobacteria | - Gram-Negative - Nitrogen fixers (grow w/ roots of plants) - 2 Genera important to agriculte: Azospirillum & Rhizobium - Pathogenic: Rickettsia** (bite of arthropod) & Brucella** (brucellosis) |
| Nitrifying bacteria | - Gram-Negative - Important in the environment & agriculture (ex: Nitrobacter) |
| Purple nonsulfur photorophs | - Gram-Negative - Grow at bottom of lakes & ponds |
| Betaproteobacteria | - Gram-Negative - Pathogenic: Neisseria** (inhabits mucous membranes of mammals), Bordetella** (Pertrussis), Burkholderia** (colonizes moist environment surfaces & respiratory passages of cystic fibrosis patients) |
| Gammaproteobacteria | - Gram-Negative - Largest, most diverse class of proetobacteria (purple sulfur bacteria, intracellular pathogens, methane oxidizers, glycolytic facultative anaerobes, pseudomonads) |
| Intracellular pathogens | - Gram-Negative (Gammaproteobacteria subgroup) - Legionella** (Legionnaire's disease) & Coxiella** (Q fever) |
| Methane oxidizers | - Gram-Negative (Gammaproteobacteria subgroup) - Uses methane as a carbon/energy source - Inhabit anaerobic (no oxygen) environments |
| Glycolytic facultative anaerobes | - Gram-Negative (Gammaproteobacteria subgroup) - Catabolizes carbohydrates by glycolysis (glucose breakdown) - Divided into 3 families |
| Pseudomonads | - Gram-Negative (Gammaproteobacteria subgroup) - Break down numerous organic compounds - Important pathogens of humans & animals (cause urinary tract, ear, and lung infections) Ex: Azotobacter & Azomonas |
| Epsilonproteobacteria | - Gram-Negative - Campylobacter** (diarrhea) - Heliobacter** (stomach ulcers) |
| Zetaproteobacteria | - Gram-Negative - First discovered based on DNA sequences - Dna is common in oceans - Mariprofundus ferooxydans ONLY species to be formally named |
| Chlamydias | - Gram-Negative - Grow intracellularly in mammals, birds & some invertrebrates - Some are smaller than viruses - Common sexually transmitted bacteria |
| Spirochetes | - Gram-Negative - Motile bacteria that move in corkscrew motion - Diverse metabolism/habitat - Trepenoma** (syphyllis; infects mucous environments) - Borrelia** (Lyme disease; tick bites) |
| Bacteroids | - Gram-Negative - 2 important genera: Bacteroides & Cytophaga |
| Bacteroides | - Gram-Negative (Bacteroid class) - inhabits digestive tracks of humans & animals - some cause infection |
| Cytophaga | - Gram-Negative (Bacteroid class) - Aquatic, gliding bacteria - Important to raw sewage degradation |
Created by:
chianti
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