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homeostasis pt.2

QuestionAnswer
What are the five major functions of bones? pt.1 Support – Framework for muscles and tendons. Protection – Shields vital organs.
What are the five major functions of bones? pt.2 Movement – Works with muscles for mobility. Mineral Storage & Release – Regulates calcium & phosphorus. Blood Cell Production – Red marrow forms RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
What are the key components of a long bone? Articular Cartilage – Covers joint surfaces. Epiphyseal Line – Marks growth plate area. Compact Bone – Provides strength. Endosteum – Lines the medullary cavity. Periosteum – Outer protective layer.
What are the three structural layers of a bone? Shell – Compact outer layer. Scaffold – Trabecular bone (spongy inner layer). Core – Medullary cavity (fat storage).
What are the key microscopic bone structures? Canaliculi – Tiny channels connecting bone cells. Haversian Canal – Central passage for blood vessels. Lacuna – Small spaces where osteocytes reside. Lamellae – Concentric rings of bone matrix.
What are the three main bone cell types? Osteoblasts – Build bone, secrete collagen. Osteocytes – Mature bone cells, sense mechanical stress. Osteoclasts – Break down bone, resorb minerals.
Where does blood cell production (haematopoiesis) occur? In the red bone marrow of specific bones.
What are the two stem cell types related to bones? Haemopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) – Form blood cells. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) – Form osteoblasts & other connective tissues.
What hormones regulate bone remodeling? Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) – Stimulates bone resorption. Estrogen – Inhibits bone breakdown. TGF-β & M-CSF – Regulate bone formation & resorption.
What is the RANK/RANKL Pathway? Osteoblasts release RANKL, activating osteoclasts to break down bone.
What are the two types of ossification? Endochondral Ossification – Cartilage is replaced by bone (e.g., long bones). Intramembranous Ossification – Bone forms directly (e.g., skull & clavicle).
Created by: REDZ17
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