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homeostasis pt.1

QuestionAnswer
What is homeostasis? The body's ability to maintain a balanced internal state despite external changes.
What is the etymology of "homeostasis"? Greek: "Homeo" = sameness "Stasis" = standing still
How does evolution enhance homeostasis? Increased physiological complexity improves: Exchange (fluid and cell communication) Protection (barriers separating environments)
How is balance achieved in homeostasis? Barriers limit changes. Movement across barriers depends on: Concentration gradients Temperature Distance Solubility
What is Fick’s Law of Diffusion? Describes how molecules move based on concentration gradients, surface area, and membrane permeability.
What equation represents mass balance? Intake + Metabolic Production = Excretion + Metabolism to New Substance
Why is mass balance essential? It ensures that substance levels in the body remain stable over time.
What are the three components of a control system? Input Signal → detects change Integrating Center → processes info Output Response → corrects imbalance
What is the difference between afferent and efferent signals? Afferent = toward control center (affects the system) Efferent = away from control center (effects change)
What is local control? Regulation at a cell/tissue level (e.g., vasodilation due to hypoxia).
What is reflex control? Long-distance regulation via nervous & endocrine systems.
What is a positive feedback loop? Amplifies a process until a specific event stops it. Example: Childbirth (oxytocin release)
What is a negative feedback loop? Reverses a deviation to restore normal function. Example: Blood glucose regulation
What can happen if homeostasis is disrupted? Mild imbalance → Disorder or disease Severe imbalance → Death (e.g., diabetes complications)
What determines if compensation succeeds or fails? The body's ability to restore balance before damage occurs.
What is feedforward regulation? Predicts changes and prepares the body in advance. Example: Baroreceptors adjusting blood pressure before standing up
What is the difference between acclimatization and adaptation? Acclimatization = Temporary adjustment (e.g., high-altitude breathing). Adaptation = Genetic change over generations (e.g., Andean populations have larger lungs).
Created by: REDZ17
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