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Meagan Harris

Anatomy Weeks 1 through 5

TermDefinition
Set Point A normal reading, or range of normal.
Homeostasis "Standing or staying the same" Relatively constant state(s) maintained by the body.
Afferent A signal is traveling toward a particular center or point of reference
Efferent A signal is moving away from a center or other point of reference.
Intracellular Control Mechanisms that operate at the cell level.
Intrinsic Control Mechanisms that operate at the tissue and organ levels.
Extrinsic Control "Outside" control; Operates at the system and organism levels.
Idiopathic Diseases with undetermined causes.
Acute When signs and symptoms appear suddenly, persist for a short time, and then disappear.
Element "Pure"; Cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more different substances. Examples of Elements: Carbon and Oxygen
Compound Chemical combinations formed by two or more elements. Can be broken down and decomposed into the elements that are contained within them.
Decomposition Reactions Result in the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substances. AB ⎯→ A + B + Energy
Exchange Reactions Permits two different reactants to exchange components and, as a result, form two new products AB + CD ⎯⎯> AD + CB
Catabolism Chemical reactions that break down larger food molecules into smaller chemical units and, in so doing, often release energy.
Anabolism Involves the many chemical reactions that build larger and more complex chemical molecules from smaller subunits; Requires energy.
Acid Any substance that will release a hydrogen ion (H+) when in solution.
Bases Electrolytes that, when dissociated in solution, shift the H+/OH-balance in favor of OH-.
Lipids Water-insoluble organic bio-molecules.
Plasma Membrane The outer boundary of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) A small network located deep inside the cytoplasm.
What is the role of the Golgi Apparatus? Processing and packaging protein molecules for export from the cell.
Autophagy Helps the cell break down proteins and cytoplasm that are not needed to get them out of the way; “Self eating”.
Function of Peroxisomes?` Detoxify harmful substances that may enter cells; Seen in kidney and liver cells.
Cytoskeleton The cell’s internal supporting framework.
Centrosome An area of the cytoskeleton that is very active and re-quires coordination by functional proteins.
Diffusion A natural phenomenon caused by the tendency of small particles to spread out evenly within any given space.
Simple Diffusion When molecules pass directly through the phospholipid membrane.
Osmosis The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane.
Semipermeable Membrane Allows water to pass through the membrane, but blocks the passage of at least one solute.
What happens if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution? The cell swells because of the movement of water into the cell by osmosis. If it expands too much, the cell could swell (lyse).
Phagocytosis Microorganisms or other large particles are engulfed by the plasma membrane and enter the cell in vesicles that have pinched off from the membrane.
Endocytosis The plasma membrane “traps” some extracellular material and brings it into the cell.
Exocytosis The process by which large molecules, notably proteins, can leave the cell even though they are too large to move out through the plasma membrane.
What is the function of mRNA? Serves as working copy of one protein-coding gene.
What is the function of rRNA? Attaches to mRNA and participates in translation.
What is the function of tRNA? Carries a specific amino acid to a specific codon of mRNA at the ribosome during translation.
snRNP Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein
What is the function of snRNP? Attaches to an mRNA transcript to facilitate editing (removal of introns; splicing of exons) into the final version of mRNA.
Transcription Synthesis of any RNA molecule .
Cytokinesis Splitting of the plasma membrane and cytoplasm into two; "Cell movement".
Created by: MHarris1203
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