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Genetics
Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the role of a gene in an organism? | It carries instructions for making proteins. |
| Which statement best describes an allele? | It is a version of a gene that may produce different traits. |
| What do sperm and egg cells contribute to offspring? | Half of the offspring’s genetic information |
| How do chromosomes relate to DNA? | DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes, which contain genes. |
| What is myostatin? | A protein that regulates muscle growth |
| If a mutation occurs in the myostatin gene, what is a possible result? | Muscles may grow larger than usual. |
| If an animal has the genotype “EE” for muscle growth, what does that mean? | It has two identical alleles for muscle growth. |
| How does the receptor for myostatin affect muscle development? | It signals when to stop muscle growth. |
| Which statement best describes the connection between genotype and phenotype? | The genotype provides instructions for making proteins, which affect phenotype. |
| How does food influence an animal’s ability to express its genetic traits? | Food provides the necessary building blocks for protein production. |
| Which of the following correctly explains how offspring inherit traits from parents? | Offspring inherit half of their chromosomes from each parent through sperm and egg cells. |
| What happens if an offspring inherits different alleles for the same gene? | One allele may be dominant, affecting the phenotype. |
| Why might a scientist study the myostatin gene in different animals? | To determine how mutations affect muscle development across species. |
| If a farmer wants to breed cattle with more muscle, what genetic factors are directly responsible for increased musculature? | The presence of alleles that produce partial myostatin proteins |
| How could a mutation in a muscle-related gene impact a population over generations? | It could lead to an increase in muscle size if the mutation provides an advantage. |
| How does understanding myostatin genes help scientists predict muscle size in animals? | Myostatin alleles determine whether a muscle receives a signal to stop growing |
| Why do some siblings look different from each other even though they share the same parents? | They receive different combinations of alleles from their parents. |
| A scientist is studying a newly discovered species of fish with extra-large muscles. What question would be most important to ask first? | Is the fish’s muscle size inherited, or is it caused by the environment? |
| If a population of animals has a gene mutation that prevents myostatin from working, what will most likely happen over time? | The animals may develop larger muscles, which could be beneficial or harmful. |
| How does food contribute to protein production in animals with different myostatin genotypes? | Food provides the building blocks needed for myostatin proteins |
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