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SPA 362 Quiz 1
Chapters 1,2,3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The peripheral Audtory system consists of what? | Outer Ear, Middle Ear, and Inner ear Along with auditory and vestibular nerves Leads from the inner ear to the brainstem |
| Outer ear consist of what anatomical structures? | Pinna / auricle External Acoustic Meatus (EAC or EAM) Tympanic Membrane (TM) |
| Middle ear consist of what anatomical structures? | Ossicles and Eustachian tube |
| Inner ear consist of what anatomical structures? | Cochlea and semicircular canals |
| Structures of the pinna | Rim of ear: helix, anti helix, concha, antitragus By ear hole: tragus, ear canal, and lobule |
| What does tragus mean in Latin? | Goat |
| Pinna function | Concave shape collects and amplifies sound - Up to 10-15 dB - At around 4500 Hz Enhances the detection of sounds coming form the direction a listener is facing Enhances localization - Process of determine where a sound is coming from |
| Why is the EAM curved? | Curved nature assumed to help protect the tympanic membrane (TM) |
| How much Hz does EAM enhance? | EAC enhances 2500-3000 Hz depending on shape and size Children slightly higher frequencies due to resonance |
| What is cerumen? | Ear wax The glands that produce ear wax are in EAM |
| Lateral and medial boundary of middle ear: | Lateral boundary is tympanic membrane Medial boundary is oval window |
| Superior and inferior boundary of middle ear: | Upper or superior boundary - Aditus Ad Antrum (means opening to a cavity) -Epitympanic Recess (means above the TM) Lower or inferior boundary - Hypotympanum bone (means below the TM) - Eustachian Tube (The “drainpipe” of the middle ear) |
| Posterior boundary of middle ear: | Porous mastoid bone |
| Tympanic membrane | TM or eardrum is the outermost or lateral structure of the middle ear system TM separates the external ear canal from the middle ear space |
| What anatomical structure is reflecting as the cone of light during otoscopy? | TM |
| Outer layer of TM Tissue: | Outer epidermal layer is distinguished from the other 2 layers because it renews itself - Old cells in the epidermal layer migrate outward through the ear canal as new cells form in their place |
| Middle layer of TM Tissue: | Middle layer is fibrous giving tension to the TM |
| Inner layer of TM Tissue: | Inner layer is mucus membrane |
| Annulus | Outer rim of TM connects to surrounding structure |
| Pars flaccida | Schrapnell’s membrane Small anterior-superior quadrant Most flexible or flaccid |
| Pars tensa | Schrapnell’s membrane Small anterior-superior quadrant Most flexible or flaccid |
| What are the smallest bones in the body? | The ossicles |
| What do the ossicles transfer ? | Transfer sound from TM to cochlea |
| The 3 ossicles: | Malleus - Hammer Incus - Anvil Stapes - Stirrup |
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