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botany exam1

QuestionAnswer
What is the difference between hypogeous and epigeous germination? In hypogeous germination, the cotyledon remains below ground. In epigeous germination, they are visible above ground.
In the region of cell division, what do each of these give rise to? Protoderm, Ground Meristem, and Procambium Protoderm gives rise to epiderm. Ground meristem becomes ground tissue. And Procambium gives rise to xylem and phloem.
What is the function of a root cap? Exudes mucigel to protect and facilitate growth
What is in the center of a dicot root? A vascular cylinder (NO PITH)
What is the purpose of the casparian strip, and where is it found? It is found on the transverse walls of the cells in the endodermis of a plant root. It has suberin wax which repels water, forcing the water to flow through the radial walls of the cell.
What is the difference between a gymnosperm and an angiosperm? A gymnosperm has "naked seeds" (ie pinecones). An angiosperm has "vessel seeds" (with fruit/flowers!)
What are the components of the primary cell wall in plants? Cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin
What do secondary walls have to make them sturdy? Lignin
What is primary growth? Herbaceous, non-woody tissue that promotes vertical elongation in the root/shoot axis
Describe the three main plastids that can arise from proplastids. Leucoplast (colorless), for storage. Chloroplast (green), for photosynthesis. Chromoplast (red), containing carotenoid pigments to advertise flowers and fruit.
Name the three primary meristems. Ground meristem, procambium, and protoderm
Name the three categories of tissue systems. Ground tissue, vascular tissue, and epidermis.
Name the three simple tissues of ground tissue. Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.
Describe the location, function and characteristics of parenchyma. Alive at maturity. Used for cell respiration, secretion, photosynthesis, regeneration... located in the ground tissue/vascular tissue.
Describe the location, function and characteristics of collenchyma. Alive at maturity. Gives flexible support with unevenly thickened primary cell walls. Located in strands or cylinders in leaf petioles and stem just below the epidermis.
Describe the location, function and characteristics of sclerenchyma. Dead at maturity. Provides rigid support with lignified secondary cell wall. Located in vascular tissue and outer layers.
What is the function of primary xylem? What are the two main cell types? Function: conducting water and minerals. The two main types are tracheids and vessel members.
What is the function of primary phloem? What are its main cell types? Function: transportation of sugars and other photosynthetic products. The sieve elements and their companion cells are the main cell types.
Which is bigger when looking at a cross section of a root -- phloem or xylem? Which one tends to be towards the outside? Xylem is bigger. Phloem tends to be towards the outside.
What is the function of the central vacuole? Storage of food and pigments. Recycling old organelles. Keeping up turgor pressure.
What are the two types of mesophyll? Palisade and spongy
What are the advantages of a seed over a spore? Seeds have nutrition for the embryo, pollen dispersal to eggs, seed dormancy until right conditions, seed dispersal, and can contain toxins
What are the functions of roots? Uptake of H2O and minerals, anchoring the plant, and storage of water and food
Name some differences between monocots and dicots. Monocots: 1 cotyledon, flower parts in 3 or 6, parallel veins in leaves, scattered vascular bundles, ad often have fibrous root systems. Dicots: 2 cotyledon, flower parts in 4 or 5, netted leaf venation, vascular bundles in a ring, and often tap roots.
Created by: clownestate
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