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Ch. 15 Personal Care
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hygiene | keeping oneself clean and well groomed |
| Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) | the activities involved in preparing for the day ( bathing, washing, styling hair, brushing and flossing teeth, dressing etc.) |
| Benefits of Bathing Patients | Cleanses the skin provides an opportunity for skin assessment increases circulation, increases sensation provides comfort and relaxation provides improved self esteem contributes to the establishment of the nurse patient relationship |
| Maceration | softened skin caused by continuous exposure to moisture |
| Excoriation | scrapes on the skin that may be the result of scratching or that may occur during care. |
| Venous Return | blood return from the extremities back to the heart |
| Mottling | a purplish blotching of the skin when circulation slows greatly |
| How do you wash a patient? | When giving a bed bath, you will wash from distal to proximal to improve blood return from extremities back to the heart |
| Appendages of the Skin | Hair and nails |
| Hair function | to keep the head from losing body heat by providing insulation |
| Where does hair grow from? | the follicle |
| Keratinization | In the matrix of the hair root, new cells are formed and produce keratin. As they die (keratinize) , they are incorporated into the hair shaft |
| The sebaceous glands | Secrete sebum onto the skins surface or hair follicles to keep the skin & hair lubricated. Its important sebum keeps it moist & protects it from drying & cracking, which would leave an entryway for pathogens since the skin is the first line of defense |
| The Apocrine Sweat Glands | Produce sweat during stressful and emotional circumstances. When sweat remains on the skin bacteria begins to break it down. by products of this breakdown causes body odor (axillae and genital areas) |
| The Eccrine Sweat Glands | Found over the rest of the body but are concentrated in the palms of the hands, upper lip and forehead, Produce sweat in response to exercise and heat |
| Accessing Abilities | - understand and follow directions -move and turn enough to assist with bath -tolerate the physical demands of a bath (are they too weak or in too much pain to participate) |
| Things to remember with older adults | - skin on an older person tends to be dry and fragile - the sebaceous and sweat glands produce less oil and sweat -Their skin requires frequent application of lotion to prevent dryness -They chill easily because of decreased circulation |
| When to perform a bath | - when the patients condition is unstable -when you need more info about the patients skin condition -when you need to evaluate patients capabilities to assist with personal care -when you need to develop/ strengthen the nurse patient relationship |
| self care | patients who are able to perform ADLs without assistance |
| Assisted Care | the need for some assistance with ADLs |
| Total Care | the patients are able to do very little or nothing for themselves |
| Complete Bed Bath | Patient unable to leave bed so bath done with basin of water beside |
| Assisted/ Help Bath | Done either in bed or with patient sitting up in a chair. Patient participates as much as they can |
| Partial Bath | Only selected areas of the patient are bathed. Done when patient is in pain or nauseated to prevent moving them more than comfortable. |
| Tub Bath | Patient sits in a tub of water, all of the patients body is washed. Be aware of patient safety with this type of bath |
| Shower | patient sits on a bench or stands under spray of water. Use caution not to chill the patient |
| Therapeutic Bath | Tub bath given for a specific reason |
| Vasodilation | widening f he blood vessels. Can be caused by the heat of a shower or bath and causes a lowering of blood pressure |
| Sternotomies | surgical openings of the sternum to access the heart and lungs. Patients with this have impair immune systems and may become infected from the bacteria found in most tap water |
| leukoplakia | white patches on the tongue or oral mucosa that can be precancerous lesions |
| Special Moth Care | oral care for patients whose conditions result in a need for a higher frequency and assistance of care. Conditions include: NPO, Receiving O2 from cannula or mask, NG tube, and being unconscious |
| Bridge | partial dentures |
| Anticoagulant medication | delays blood clotting |
| Nail care safety: Diabetics | file the nails rather than clipping them to prevent accidentally clipping toe tissue. Diabetic patients have poor circulation. such an injury can lead to amputation or severe infection |
| under what circumstance must a patient be shaved with an electric razor? | When patient is on anticoagulant medication because other razors can cause excessive bleeding if the patient is accidently cut |
| How can you help prevent ingrown toe nails when performing nailcare? | Clip the nails straight across and then file off any sharp corners. Clipping toenails deeply at the corners can lead to ingrown toes |
| What is important to remember regarding patients with diabetes and nail care? | diabetic patients can easily develop infections around nails so look closely at both fingertips and toes |
| Ocular prosthesis | artificial eye custom made to fit the socket and is hand painted with great detail to match existing eye. Does not move |
| scleral cover shell | like a thick contact lends that fits flush against the implanted globe or blind globe. moves in tandem with sighted eye |
| unoccupied bed | The patient is out of the bed while the linens are changed |
| occupied bed | lines are changed while the patient remains in the bed |
| open bed | top linens are fanfolded to the foot of the bed so that the patient can easily slip into the bed and pull them up |
| surgical bed | top linens are fanfolded to the side of the bed away from the door so patient can easily be moved onto bed from stretcher without linens being in the way |
| closed bed | the closed bed is only when the patient is discharged. the top linens are spread to the head of the bed to keep the bed clean |
| draw sheet/ turn sheet | narrower than a flat sheet and has two narrow hems on each end. Used to protect the bottom sheet from minor soiling and to help turn heavier patients. |
| KNOW THE BED POSITIONS | Flat Fowlers semi fowlers Trendelenburg reverse Trendelenburg |
| What is the importance of using 2% triclosan products on surgical patients | Helps reduce patient who are prone to MRSA (Staph infection) |
| When would you omit a back massage to a patient | Heart conditions and fractured ribs or vertebrae |
| While giving mouth care to a patient he keeps biting down, what can you use? | Tongue blade |
| Your patient has multiple body piercings with jewelry in place. He has been in a motor vehicle accident and is scheduled for an MRI of his left arm and left leg. What question will you ask this patient? | Are the metals in your jewelry nonmagnetic stainless steel or titanium |
| You are caring for a patient with a nasogastric tube who is unable to take food or fluids by mouth. How often will you perform oral care for this patient? | q.2h |
| How can you ensure privacy for school-age children and adolescents during a bath in the hospital setting? | Place a bath in progress sign on door Always knock |
| The functions of sebum include | Protecting the skin from cracking and drying, lubricating the skin, and lubricating hair |
| A ___ is used to anchor the linens more firmly than if they were only tucked at the foot of the mattress | mitered corner |
| Nits | Clear bumps affixed tightly to hair shaft and are eggs of lice |
| Tinea capitis | is a fungal infection that causes a round area of hair loss with a lesion,also called ringworm |
| seborrhea | Thick oily scales in the scalp from overproduction of sebum |
| Lice | parasite that lives on hair |
| Lesions | open areas |
Created by:
kyebula
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