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endocrine sytem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the endocrine system? | It regulates physiological processes through hormone communication across cells and organs. |
| How many biochemical structures and transformations are cataloged by Roche Biochemical Pathways? | 1175 structures and 1545 transformations. |
| What influences each cell’s behavior? | Biochemical pathways and enzyme activity. |
| How do cells adapt to changes in their environment? | Through biochemical pathways that regulate cellular function. |
| How do cells communicate to maintain homeostasis? | By secreting hormones & chemicals over varying distances & durations. |
| What are the five levels of hormonal control?pt 1 | Autocrine Hormone affects the same cell Cytokines affecting itself Paracrine Hormone affects neighboring cells Local diffusion Endocrine Hormone released into bloodstream, acts on distant cells Insulin, cortisol |
| What are the five levels of hormonal control?pt 2 | Neurohormonal Hormones released by neurons into the bloodstream Neurotransmitters acting systemically Pheromonal Chemicals affecting other organisms Moth pheromones over distances |
| What are the three types of hormones based on chemical structure? | Peptide Hormones – Water-soluble, protein-based (e.g., insulin, oxytocin). Steroid Hormones – Lipid-soluble, from cholesterol (e.g., cortisol, testosterone). Amino Acid-Derived – From amino acids (e.g., epinephrine, thyroid hormones). |
| How do different hormones act on target cells? | Peptide Hormones – Bind to cell surface receptors, triggering intracellular changes. Steroid Hormones – Cross cell membrane, bind to intracellular receptors, and alter gene transcription. |
| How do different hormones act on target cells?2 | Amino Acid-Derived – Catecholamines act like peptides, while thyroid hormones act like steroids. |
| What is the role of the hypothalamus? | It regulates homeostasis and controls the pituitary gland via the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. |
| What hormones does the anterior pituitary release, and what are their functions? | Growth Hormone (GH) Stimulates growth via IGF release. Prolactin (PRL) Regulates lactation. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Triggers thyroid hormone release. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Stimulates cortisol release from adrenal glands. |
| What does the thyroid gland produce? | Thyroid hormones (T3, T4) and calcitonin. |
| What is the function of thyroid hormones? | They regulate metabolism, growth, and basal metabolic rate (BMR). |
| What are the two parts of the adrenal gland and their roles? | Adrenal Cortex – Releases cortisol (stress response) & aldosterone (fluid balance). Adrenal Medulla – Releases epinephrine & norepinephrine in response to stress. |
| How does the pancreas regulate blood glucose? | Insulin (from beta cells) – Lowers blood glucose. Glucagon (from alpha cells) – Raises blood glucose. |
Created by:
REDZ17
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