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anatomical terms

QuestionAnswer
What defines the anatomical position? Palms facing forward ✅ Fingers slightly splayed ✅ Elbows directed back ✅ Head facing forward ✅ Arms straight at sides ✅ Feet facing forward ✅ Legs close together
What is the prone position? Lying face down (on the stomach).
What is the supine position? Lying face up (on the back).
What does the transverse (axial) plane divide? Upper & lower halves of the body.
What does the coronal (frontal) plane divide? Front (anterior) & back (posterior) sections.
What does the sagittal plane divide? Left & right halves of the body.
What major organs are found in the thorax? Heart, lungs, trachea, ribcage.
What major organs are found in the abdomen? Digestive organs, spleen, kidneys.
What does the pelvic region contain? Bladder, reproductive organs, parts of the digestive system.
What is located in the Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)? Liver, gallbladder.
What is located in the Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)? Stomach, spleen.
What is located in the Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)? Appendix, right ovary.
What is located in the Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)? Left ovary, sigmoid colon.
What does lateral mean? Away from the midline.
What does medial mean? Toward the midline.
What does anterior (ventral) mean? Front side of the body.
What does posterior (dorsal) mean? Back side of the body.
What does superior (cranial) mean? Above or toward the head.
What does inferior (caudal) mean? Below or toward the feet.
What does proximal mean? Closer to the trunk (e.g., shoulder is proximal to hand).
What does distal mean? Farther from the trunk (e.g., fingers are distal to elbow).
What does superficial mean? Closer to the body surface.
What does deep mean? Farther from the body surface.
What is flexion? Decreasing the angle between two parts (e.g., bending elbow).
What is extension? Increasing the angle (e.g., straightening leg).
What is abduction? Moving away from the midline (e.g., raising arms sideways).
What is adduction? Moving toward the midline (e.g., bringing legs together).
What is rotation? Movement around an axis (e.g., turning head).
What is elevation? Lifting a body part upward (e.g., shrugging shoulders).
What is depression? Lowering a body part (e.g., opening mouth).
What is pronation? Turning the palm downward.
What is supination? Turning the palm upward.
What is dorsiflexion? Lifting toes upward (flexing foot).
What is plantarflexion? Pointing toes downward (like a ballerina).
What are the four major supporting tissues? Bones – Structure & support. Cartilage – Flexible shock absorber. Tendons – Attach muscle to bone. Ligaments – Connect bone to bone.
What is included in the axial skeleton? Skull, vertebral column, ribcage (80 bones).
What is included in the appendicular skeleton? Arms, legs, pelvis, shoulders (126 bones).
What are long bones, and what is an example? Provide support & leverage (e.g., femur, humerus).
What are flat bones, and what is an example? Protect internal organs (e.g., sternum, skull).
What are short bones, and what is an example? Provide stability with little movement (e.g., carpals, tarsals).
What are sesamoid bones, and what is an example? Found inside tendons (e.g., patella).
What are the five regions of the vertebral column? Cervical – Neck region Thoracic – Chest region Lumbar – Lower back Sacral – Pelvic region Coccygeal – Tailbone
What is the most common type of cartilage? Hyaline cartilage.
Which cartilage type provides flexibility (e.g., in the ear)? Elastic cartilage.
Which cartilage is tough & strong, found in intervertebral discs? Fibrocartilage.
Created by: REDZ17
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