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Biology B Unit 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Evolution | The gradual change in a species over a long period of time |
| Species | Group of organisms that are so similar that they can reproduce to create fertile offspring |
| Genus and Species | The most specific levels of classification for identiying organisms |
| Adaptations | Inherited characteristics that improve an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in an environment |
| Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution | Naturalist who went on a 5 year journey around the HMS Beagle 1831-1836 where he collected evidence about the natural world. He visited the Galapagos Islands and studied finches |
| Overproduction of Offspring | Each generation produces more offspring than can survive to increase the likelihood at least some will survive |
| Struggle for survival | Overproduction leads to competition for resources such as food, water, and shelter and individuals best suited to their environment will most likely survive. |
| Variation | Genetic differences are inherited from their parents and these variations mean that some organisms adapt better to the environment |
| DNA Mutations(substitution, insertion, and deletion) | Only mutations in sex cells will have a chance to be passed onto offspring |
| Genetic Shuffling | Crossing over during Meiosis (creation of sex cells) |
| Sexual Reproduction | 2 parents=2 sets of DNA |
| Selection | Traits with high adaptive value give individuals a competitive advantage |
| Natural Selection | When the environment chooses which traits are the most beneficial and those with the most beneficial traits survive and pass on their traits until those characteristics increase in the population |
| Antibiotic Resistance | Antibiotics kill most of the bacteria but the ones that survive will multiply and become the norm rather than the exception. This is is why you should take an entire prescription when prescribed antibiotics |
| Speed of Evolution | Evolution is typically a very slow process that occurs over many generations though it depends on the amount of time a species takes to reproduce. |
| Fossil Record | Fossils show that life on earth was once different from life found on earth today. Fossil record is chronological collection of life's remains in sedimentary rock layers |
| Comparative Anatomy | The scientific study of similarities and differences in the structure of different species |
| Vestigial Structures | Structures that may have had importance in ancestral species but have no known function today |
| Similarities in Development | Embryos of closely related organisms often have similar stages in development and are evidence of a common ancestor |
| Comparative Biology | Almost every organisms share DNA, RNA, and proteins among their biochemical molecules. Biologists compare DNA sequences of different organisms and the greater the similarities the more recent the common ancestor is. |
| Evolutionary Tree Diagrams(Phylogenetic Tree) | Diagrams that map out what happens to various species over time and help determine evolutionary relationships between species |
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