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Unit One Test
Earth Science Chapters 11, 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10
| Answer | |
|---|---|
| Sheeting is mainly a process of mechanical weathering. | True |
| Which of the following best describes sets of fractures in relatively fresh bedrock, such as granite, that are roughly parallel to the land surface? | sheeting fractures |
| Under similar warm, moist climatic conditions, why would basalt and gabbro generally have higher chemical weathering rates than rhyolite and granite? | The ferromagnesian minerals in the gabbro and basalt are subject to oxidation and chemical breakdown. |
| What is the major distinction between internal and external Earth processes? | Internal processes are driven by things like Plate Tectonics, and external processes are driven by the sun. |
| Which of the following is not a significant factor triggering mass wasting events? | mine tailings filling a valley |
| Haiti is a mountainous island nation that has terrible problems with landslides. Which of the following explanations would best explain the problem? | Most of the forests have been cut down for charcoal, leaving barren slopes subject to mass wasting during heavy tropical rainstorms and earthquakes. |
| A mass wasting process that involves rapid down-slope movement of debris aided by a cushion of air is called ________. | A mass wasting process that involves rapid down-slope movement of debris aided by a cushion of air is called ________. |
| In North America "no till farming" has become a widespread practice made possible by genetically modified (GM) crops that can be sprayed with herbicide that kills everything but the GM plant. Evaluate the following statements on the role of GM crops on so | The no till practice dramatically improves soil conservation by providing loose organic matter cover to the soil surface, breaking up wind and runoff, lowering erosion rates. |
| Assume that water filling a crack in a rock undergoes cycles of freezing and melting. Which of the following statement is true? | Water expands as it freezes, causing the crack walls to be pushed apart. |
| A rancher overgrazes his land in an area underlain by heavy clay soils and regolith developed from weathering of claystone. After a series of heavy rains small creeks develop deep gullies along their length. A light steady rain develops and continues for | slumps along the creeks |
| ________ denotes the exposed, crescent-shaped rupture surface at the head of a slump. | Scarp |
| Removal of inorganic soil components from a soil is termed leaching. | True |
| All of the following are factors that affect rates of weathering except for ________. | geologic age of earth materials |
| Quartz is quite resistant to weathering and is an important component of sands in riverbeds and on beaches. | True |
| Solifluction occurs during the warmer summer months. | True |
| Centuries ago quarrymen learned that when quarrying granite it was usually easiest to break the rock along a nearly horizontal surface. We now know this arises because ________. | uplift and exhumation of granites produces an unloading, which produces sheeting joints like the quarrymen used |
| Limestone and marble weather faster than granite because ________ | limestone and marble can be dissolved by weak acids in rain |
| Landslides commonly occur when hurricanes hit steep terrain. Why? | Heavy rain from the tropical system can saturate slopes, triggering mass wasting events like mudslides. |
| Lahars are essentially mudflows associated with volcanoes and volcanism. | True |
| Feldspars commonly decompose during weathering to clay minerals, silica, and soluble constituents. | True |
| Deforestation of rain forests exposes tropical soils that are famous for their low fertility, despite the fact that they had previously hosted a lush tropical forest. Which soil type would describe these soils? | Oxisols-Soils that occur on old land surfaces unless parent materials were strongly weathered before they were deposited. Rich in iron and alu |
| Abundant moisture and warm temperatures result in high rates of chemical weathering. | True |
| Climate change and human activity like overgrazing of grasslands is leading to large areas subject to "desertification" where native grass cover dies out during drought periods, exposing soil to erosion. What is potentially the greatest initial soil erosi | loss of topsoil by wind erosion on a large scale |
| The word topsoil is commonly used, but not always correctly. The proper definition is ________. | the dark, organic rich layers of O and A |
| In deserts of southwestern North America developers often build houses in dry stream beds and build only minimal subsurface drainage systems to handle a flow of water comparable to the size of the dry stream channel. Is this a reasonable development model | No, flash floods can produce high viscosity mudflows that would not be captured by the drainage system and could flow out over the valley, destroying everything in its path. |
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LisbethT16
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