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Acid/base

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QuestionAnswer
What is the equation for acid and base balance in the body? CO2 + H20 <--> Carbonic acid <--> H+ + Bicarbonate
What is the normal pH range for blood? 7.35-7.45
Strong acids can be buffered by... weak bases
What are 2 the volatile acids in our bodies? Carbonic acid and CO2
Carbonic acid dissociates into... CO2 and water
What are 2 examples of non-volatile/fixed acids? Ketones and lactic acid
How does our body get rid of volatile acids? Lungs
How does our body get rid of non-volatile/fixed acids? Kidneys
Describe the protein buffer system Largest buffer system. Hemoglobin carries out this process.
Describe the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system Strongest buffer system, used by the lungs and the kidneys. Involves CO2, carbonic acid, hydrogen ions, and bicarbonate.
To lower the pH of the blood, the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system will... make CO2 combine with water to make carbonic acid to make blood more acidic
To elevate the pH of the blood, the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system will... Carbonic acid will dissociate into CO2 and water and CO2 will be released through the lungs
Hypocapnia means... CO2 is below normal
Hypercapnia means... CO2 is above normal
What are normal pCO2 levels? 35-45
What are normal HCO3 levels? 22-26
What are normal pO2 levels? 80-100
What are normal anion gap levels? 8-16
The anion gap is used for the assessment of... acidosis
Define base excess/deficit: measures all buffer systems of the blood
Changes in pH can affect the movement of these 2 electrolytes: Potassium and Calcium
What does the body do when the blood is hyperkalemic? H+ shifts out of cells leading to acidosis
What does the body do when the blood is hypokalemic? H+ shifts into cells leading to alkalosis
What goes on during acidosis in regards to H+ and K? H+ shifts into cells from the blood to increase pH, and K shifts out of cells into the blood to compensate for the change in charge. This leads to hyperkalemia
What goes on during alkalosis in regards to H+ and K? H+ moves out of cells and into the blood to bring the pH down, K shifts into cells from the blood to compensate for the change in charge. This leads to hypokalemia
In respiratory acidosis, the blood is _____________ hypercapnic
How do the kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis? excreting H+ and reabsorbing bicarbonate
How do the kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis? reabsorbing H+ and excreting bicarbonate
How do the lungs compensate for metabolic acidosis? increasing ventilation to get rid of excess CO2
How do the lungs compensate for metabolic alkalosis? decreasing ventilation to increase CO2
How do the kidneys compensate for metabolic acidosis? excreting H+ and reabsorbing bicarbonate
Created by: akgross
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