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What is metabolism? Metabolism includes all biochemical processes within living organisms.
What are the two major types of metabolism? Catabolism – Breakdown of molecules, releasing energy (e.g., food digestion). Anabolism – Synthesis of molecules, storing energy (e.g., muscle growth).
Why is metabolism important? It converts food into energy and regulates bodily functions, including:Fasting adaptation,Physical exertion,Sleep and aging Response to illness
How do different organisms adapt their metabolism? Animals: Adjust metabolism based on stress, exercise, and food intake. Plants: Use photosynthesis to produce metabolic components. Microorganisms: Adapt to environmental changes with diverse metabolic pathways.
What are the three major nutrient sources for metabolism? Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
What is the primary energy molecule in metabolism? ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
What are the main energy storage forms in organisms? Animals: Glycogen (in liver and muscles), fats (in adipose tissue), muscle proteins. Plants: Starch.
What are the three key functions of metabolism? Energy production – Generates ATP. Thermoregulation – Produces heat (especially in warm-blooded animals). Movement of metabolites – Facilitates biochemical reactions.
What are the three key metabolic pathways? Glycolysis – Breakdown of glucose into ATP. Krebs Cycle (TCA Cycle) – Produces electron carriers for ATP synthesis. Oxidative Phosphorylation – Generates large amounts of ATP in mitochondria.
What are the key takeaways about metabolism? Metabolism is essential for energy management and biological function. Catabolism & anabolism regulate energy conversion. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins fuel metabolism. Energy storage varies across organisms.
What are mitochondria? Organelles found in most eukaryotic cells, known as the "powerhouses" of the cell due to their role in ATP production.
What is the morphology of mitochondria? They are oval-shaped with a double membrane structure.
What is the significance of the inner membrane? It is highly convoluted, increasing surface area for ATP production.
What are the four primary functions of mitochondria?pt1 ATP Production – Generates energy via the Krebs cycle & oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolism – Converts nutrients into ATP in the TCA cycle.
What are the four primary functions of mitochondria?pt2 Calcium Storage – Regulates calcium ion concentration for cellular signaling. Apoptosis Control – Facilitates programmed cell death.
How is mitochondrial DNA unique? Mitochondria have an independent genome encoding essential proteins for their function.
Why is mitochondrial DNA significant in genetics? It is inherited maternally and plays a role in mitochondrial disorders.
How much energy do humans use, and how does it relate to mitochondria? The human body uses ~130 watts of energy, with cells consuming 10 million ATP molecules per second.
What is the daily ATP turnover in the human body? The body recycles 60-100 kg of ATP daily, despite holding only 60 g at a time.
How large is the combined surface area of mitochondrial inner membranes? ~14,000 m² (about four football fields).
How fast do protons move across the membrane? 10²¹ protons per second are pumped across.
How strong is the membrane’s electric field? 30 million volts/meter, comparable to lightning.
Why are mitochondria crucial for cellular function? They support energy production, metabolism, and cell regulation.
What makes mitochondria unique compared to other organelles? They have their own DNA, play a role in apoptosis, and control cellular energy balance.
Why is understanding mitochondria important? It helps in studying diseases, especially mitochondrial disorders that affect metabolism and cell health.
Created by: REDZ17
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