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What is genetics? The scientific study of genes and heredity, exploring how traits are passed from one generation to the next.
What were Mendel’s contributions to genetics? He discovered dominant and recessive traits through experiments with pea plants (1856-1863).
When was DNA discovered as the genetic material? 1940
What is the full name of DNA? Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What are the four bases of DNA? Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)
How do DNA bases pair? A pairs with T (2 H bonds), G pairs with C (3 H bonds).
What is the backbone of DNA made of? Sugar-phosphate structure
What are the three key properties of genetic material? Stable – Retains genetic information. Replicable – Can be copied for cell division. Changeable – Allows for variation and adaptation.
What is DNA replication? The process of copying DNA to produce two identical strands.
What is the mechanism of DNA replication? Unzipping of DNA, template strand synthesis, and semi-conservative replication.
What enzyme unzips DNA? DNA helicase
What enzyme synthesizes new DNA strands? DNA polymerase
What is gene expression? The process by which information from a gene is converted into RNA and proteins.
What are the two phases of gene expression? Transcription – Formation of an RNA copy of a gene. Translation – Decoding RNA to synthesize proteins.
What is a mutation? A change in the DNA sequence that can affect an organism's phenotype.
What are the two main types of mutations? Somatic mutations – Affect the individual but aren't inherited. Germ-line mutations – Can be passed to offspring.
What is a point mutation? A single base pair change, such as a substitution, insertion, or deletion.
What is a frameshift mutation? A mutation that shifts the reading frame due to an insertion or deletion.
What are Mendel’s Laws? Law of Dominance – Some alleles are dominant over others. Law of Segregation – Alleles separate during gamete formation. Law of Independent Assortment – Genes assort independently of one another.
What is recombination? The exchange of genetic material during meiosis, increasing genetic variation.
What is CRISPR used for? Gene editing and modification for research and therapy.
What is gene therapy? A technique that replaces or repairs faulty genes to treat diseases.
What are the three main processes in genetics? DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
Why are mutations important in evolution? They create genetic diversity, driving evolution and inheritance.
What is the significance of understanding genetics? It allows for advancements in medicine, biotechnology, and genetic research.
Created by: REDZ17
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