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What are the fundamental units of life? Cells
What are the two main types of cells? Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Prokaryotic cells: Smaller (~2 μm), lack membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells: Larger (~20 μm), contain membrane-bound organelles for compartmentalized functions.
What are two eukaryotic organelles that resemble prokaryotic cells? Mitochondria (energy production) and Chloroplasts (photosynthesis).
What is the function of the cytoskeleton? Provides cell shape and structure. Aids in intracellular transport. Enables cell movement (especially in animal cells).
What is cytosol? A gel-like substance surrounding organelles, containing small and large molecules.
What are macromolecules, and how are they formed? Large biological molecules built from monomers through condensation reactions.
Why is water essential for macromolecular structure? It helps proteins fold, shielding non-polar regions from water.
What are some unique properties of water? Forms hydrogen bonds. Can act as both an acid and a base. Is the primary component by mass in cells.
What is an acid? A substance that donates protons (H⁺).
What is a base? A substance that accepts protons.
What does pH measure? The acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
Why is water vital for cells? It maintains structural integrity and supports biochemical reactions.
What is the cytoskeleton's main function? It helps with organization, transport, and movement in cells.
How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ? Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.
What is the function of macromolecules? They provide structure, energy storage, genetic information, and cell functions.
Created by: REDZ17
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