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EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTI
BIOLOGY
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| CHARLES DARWIN | proposed the Theory of Evolution |
| LAMARCK'S THEORY | proposed the Theory of Acquired Traits - the idea that an organism had the ability to change during its life in order to adapt to its environment |
| THEORY OF EVOLUTION | Explains how species evolve and adapt to their environments through a mechanism called "Natural Selection". |
| MUTATIONS | a change in DNA, it happens where one ore more nucleotides is deleted, inserted, or substituted for a different nucleotides |
| GENETIC VARIATION | the difference in DNA between individuals or population of the same species. |
| ADAPTATIONS | a change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to int environment |
| RELATED | belonging to the same family, group, or type |
| COMMON ANCESTOR | an ancestral organism from which two or more different species evolved over time; an ancestral group of organisms that is shared by multiple lineages. |
| NATURAL SELECTION | based on the idea that individuals with advantageous traits that help them survive and reproduce in their environment are more likely to pass on these traits to their offspring |
| VARIATION | the differences that exist between individuals of the same species |
| GALAPAGOS ISLAND | an archipelago of volcanic islands that are famous for their large number of endemic species, studied by C. Darwin in the 1830s and inspired his theory of evolution. |
| COEVOLUTION | evolutionary changes that occur within two or more organisms as a response to interactions between them and the reliance that those interactions cause |
| DIVERGENT EVOLUTION | when closely related species develop different characteristics over time |
| CONVERGENT EVOLUTION | when unrelated species evolve similar traits to adapt to similar environments |
| ADAPTIVE RADIATION | (type of divergent evolution) when a single species rapidly diversifies into many new species |
| GRADUALISM | the theory that species change slowly and gradually over time |
| PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM | the idea that evolution occurs in spurts instead of following the slow, but steady path |
| SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST | a phrase that describes the process of natural selection, where the best adapted organisms are most likely to survive and reproduce |
| ACQUIRED TRAITS | characteristics that develop in an organism after birth due to environmental factors |
| DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION | the concept that living organisms gradually change over generations, passing on traits with slight variations to their offspring, resulting in the development of new species from a common ancestor |
| EMBRYOLOGY | embryos of different species have similar structures and develop into different adult forms |
| HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES | structures that have similar physical features in different species that share a common ancestor but have different functions |
| ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES | different species, not closely related, evolved similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, leading to similar functions despite different origins |
| ADAPTATIONS | a change or process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment |
| BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATION | an action that an organism takes to survive in its environment |
| VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE | a physical feature of an organism that has become reduced in function or completely useless through evolution |
| TRANSITIONAL FORM | an organism or fossil that has characteristics of both an ancestor and its descendant |
| BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE | the analysis of molecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins within organisms to determine evolutionary relationships between species |
| SPECIATION | the evolutionary process by which new species form |
| REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION | the inability of different species to reproduce with each other |
| 5 TYPES OF REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION | 1. Genetic 2. Behavioral 3. Physiological 4. Geographical 5. Temporal |
| GENETIC ISOLATION | genetic differences prevent gene flow |
| BEHAVIORAL ISOLATION | unique mating rituals prevent mating |
| PHYSIOLOGICAL ISOLATION | differences in anatomy or sex organs prevent mating |
| GEOGRAPHICAL ISOLATION | Physical barriers separate populations, preventing them from mating |
| TEMPORAL ISOLATION | different species with different breeding schedules |
| ARTIFITIAL SELECTION | the process of choosing which organisms reproduce to pass on desired traits, aka, selective breeding |
| INDEX FOSSIL | the preserved remains of a plant or animal that lived during a specific geologic time period |
| TRANSGENETIC ORGANISM | an organism that has had its DNA altered by introducing genes from another species |
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