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Bio F4 Bab 11

Jenis Keimunan&Isu kesihatan

QuestionAnswer
Nyatakan perbezaan antara keimunan aktif dan pasif Aktif~Antibodi dihasilkan scra smula jadi=sel limfosit@Kekal utk jangka masa yg lama Pasif~Antibodi diperoleh drpd sumber luar@X kekal lama,hnya beri prlindungan serta-merta,jangka masa pendek&smentara
Jelaskan Keimunan Aktif Semula Jadi 1)Sel2 Limfosit mnghasilkan antibodi sbgai G/B trhdp antigen apbila dijangkiti patogen 2)Apbila individu smbuh drpd jangkitn trsebut,individu akan peroleh keimunan kekal 3)Skiranya disrang skali lg oleh patogn sama,sel memori akan mnghasil antibodi-cpt
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan Imunisasi? Proses mrangsang keimunan trhdp pnyakit trtentu mlalui suntikan vaksin
Nyatakan definisi Vaksin Ampaian patogen yg lemah,mati/X virulen
Jelaskan bagaimana Keimunan Aktif Buatan dilakukan (Part 1) 1)Vaksin disuntik ke dlm badan-mrangsng sel limfosit utk mnghasilkn antibodi bg mnentang patogn 2)Suntikan vaksin prtama mnybbkn pnghasilan aras antibodi rndh&X mncukupi utk mlindungi seseorang drpd pnyakit 3)Dos pnggalak prlu diberi...
Jelaskan bagaimana Keimunan Aktif Buatan dilakukan (Part 2) 4)Dos Penggalak mningkatkn smula pnghasilan antibodi ke satu aras keimunan yg dpt mlindungi 5)Skiranya individu trsbut dijangkiti patogen sbenar,sel limfosit dpt mnghasilkn antibodi yg mncukupi&brtindak dgn serta-merta utk musnahkn patogen trsbut
Berikan contoh vaksin Vaksin Salk~Poliometitis Vaksin BCG~pnyakit tibi Vaksin HPV~ utk kanser serviks
Huraikan Keimunan Pasif Semula Jadi 1)Fetus memperoleh keimunan apbila antibodi ibu mresap masuk mlalui plasenta ke dlm aliran drh fetus 2)Antibodi mlindungi bayi utk tempoh bbrapa bulan prtama slps klahiran mlalui antibodi yg trdpt dlm susu ibu/kolostrum smasa mnyusu
Jelaskan Keimunan Pasif Buatan 1)Suntikan antiserum/serum yg mngandungi antibodi spesifik mnentang sesuatu antigen 2)Suntikan antiserum memberi prlindungn segera tetapi utk jangka masa pndek shja 3)Contoh antiserum: antitetanus,anti-rabies&antiserum trhdp bisa ular
Bagaimana antiserum bg antitetanus disediakan? 1>Ampaian Toksoid tetanus disuntik ke dlm kuda 2>Antitetanus diperoleh drpd serum kuda yg dipekatkn&ditulenkan 3>Disuntik ke dlm individu brisiko tinggi mndpt pnyakit tetanus 4>Individu dilindungi drpd jangkitan pnyakit tetanus
Apakah persamaan bagi Keimunan Pasif&Aktif-buatan?? ~Mlindungi badan drpd jangkitan pnyakit ~Mlindungi badan drpd interaksi antara antibodi dgn antigen
Apakah perbezaan antara Keimunan Pasif&Aktif-buatan?? Aktif-Suntikan vaksin,pncegahan,X memberi prlindungn serta-merta,kekal utk tmpoh lama~Suntikan diberi sblum dijangkiti pnyakit Pasif-Suntikan antiserum,Rawatn skiranya prlindungn serta-merta diperlukn,smentara&X kekal lama
Adakah suntikan kedua diperlukan utk antiserum(keimunan pasif buatan)?? Hnya perlu diberi skiranya aras antibodi dalam darah jatuh di bwh aras keimunan&psakit masih dijangkiti pnyakit trsebut
Mengapa virus HIV berbahaya? Berupaya brmutasi&mngubah struktur sel apabila membiak~>mnjadikn virus trsebut mempunyai ketahanan yg tinggi trhdp terapi dadah
Apakah yang didefinisikan dengan Virus kurang daya tahan manusia (HIV) Virus mnyerang sistem keimunan manusia mnybbkan *sindrom kurang daya tahan pnyakit=AIDS @Pnghidap AIDS mudah dijangkiti pnyakit lain kerana kemusnahn progresif sistm keimunan individu trsebut~Virus HIV mbiak dlm limfosit&musnahkn limfosit
Adakah pnghidap HIV menunjukkan simptom? ~Bbrapa tahun prmulaan walaupun virus HIV sdng aktif mnyerang sistem keimunan-X mnunjukkan simptom ~Cirit-birit kronik@jngkitan kulat hnya dilihat slps 8-10 thun
Bagaimana HIV disebarkan? 1)Proses pmindahn bndalir bdn=drh,air mani/mrentasi plasenta 2)Seks X dilindungi 3)Brkongsi jarum trcemar yg digunakn utk mnyuntik dadah/dakwat tatu
Apa yang akan berlaku skiranya Perempuan yang hamil menghidap HIV??? ~virus blh dipindhkn kpd bayi smasa hamil,klahiran/pnyusuan ~Jangkitn HIV kpd fetus&bayi yg baru dilahir kbiasaannya boleh dielak dgn rwtan prubatn yg smpurna ktika ibu sdng mngandung&smasa klahiran
Mngapakah seseorang yg dijangkiti virus HIV X smestinya mnghidap pnyakit AIDS??? KBAT Seseorang yg dijangkiti HIV mrupakn pmbawa&bliau mungkin X mnunjukkan sbarang gejala jngka masa lbh kurang 10 thn~>AIDS hnya dihidap skiranya sistem keimunan mnjadi lemah yg pd kbiasannya X brbhaya->Cth pnyakit yg blh mbawa maut kpd pnghidp AIDS=Pneumonia
Bagaimanakah pnyakit AIDS dpt dicegah? Mnghindari aktivit2 berisiko tinggi=hubungan seks yg X dilindungi dgn individu yg brkmungkinan dijangkiti,brkongsi jarum trcemar/menerima darah yg trcemar dgn virus HIV
Created by: Enbos
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