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Breathing system

Human breathing system

TermDefinition
Functions - nose and mouth Air enters, warmed and moistened
Functions - epiglottis Flap of tissue that stops food going down the windpipe
Functions - larynx (Voice box) makes sounds
Functions - trachea (Windpipe) carries air to lungs
bronchus First division of trachea
Bronchiole Further division of bronchus
Functions - alveoli Air sacs - gaseous exchange occurs here
Diaphragm Sheet of muscle, increases volume of the thoracic cavity.
Intercostal muscle Located between ribs Lifts rib cage up and out
Diffusion The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area to low concentration
CO2 Controls the rate of breathing (dissolved in blood)
What happens when CO2 concentration rises? It sends a message to the brain (medulla oblongata) Breathing rate is increased and deepened.
How alveoli are adapted for breathing x5 1. Large surface 2. Rich blood supply 3. This walls - one cell thick 4. Moist surface 5. Large number
How capillaries are adapted for breathing x3 1. Large surface 2. Close contact with alveoli 3. Thin walls - one cell thick
Inhalation process Active process Brain sends a message to the muscles (intercostal and diaphragm) to contract. Diaphragm moves down Volume of the thoracic cavity increases Pressure inside the thoracic cavity decreases - air moves in.
Exhalation process Passive process Rib cage moves down and in Diaphragm returns to dime shape Volume of thoracic cavity decreases - air pushed out.
Breathing disorder - asthma Symptoms, cause, prevention and treatment Symptoms: wheezing, difficulty breathing Cause: allergens, e.g dust, pet dander Prevention: don’t keep pets Treatment: use and inhaler
Created by: EObrienHart
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