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Biology 2
Lesson 2: EVOLUTION AND BIODIVERSITY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Geological Timescale | EON->ERA->PERIOD->EPOCH->AGE |
| GENERAL FEATURES OF HISTORY OF LIFE | 1. history of life as described in the geological time scale 2. Each division is marked by the emergence of new species of organism or new dominant species of organisms 3. geological time scale is not divided into equal intervals |
| What are the subdivisions of Eons? | Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, Phanerozoic |
| What time period was the Hadean eon? | 4.5-4.0 Ga |
| What time period was the Archean eon? | 4.0 - 2.5 Ga |
| What time period was the Proterozoic eon? | 2.5 Ga - 540 Ma |
| What time period was the Phanerozoic eon? | 540 Ma to present |
| How was the Hadean eon? | Hell on Earth |
| How was the Archean eon? | Birth of Earth's crust, oceans and life |
| How was the Proterozoic eon? | Transition to abundant life forms |
| How was the Phanerozoic eon? | Explosion of Life |
| What period in geologic and life history beginning from 4.5 billion to 540 million years ago when Earth was an ocean of magma | Precambrian |
| What period is close to the Phanerozic eon, simple single –celled organism (prokaryotes) bacteria and Archaea appeared | Precambrain |
| The dramatic rise in diversity and quantity complex multicellular organism which began during the Cambrain Period? | Cambrian Explosion |
| The first period of the Phanerozic eon? | Cambrian Period |
| What is included in this eon Precambrain supereon | Hadean eon, Archean eon, Proterozoic eon, |
| What was the early atmosphere primarily composed of? (Hadean Eon) | Volcanic Gases |
| What Volcanic gases was in the early atmosphere? (Hadean Eon) | CO2 (Carbon Dioxide), AR(Argon), SO2 (Sulfur Dioxide), Water Vapor (H2O), CH4 (Methane), H2 (Hydrogen) , NH3 (Ammonia), N2 (Nitrogen), He (Helium), No Oxygen |
| The early atmosphere was bombarded by? (Hadean Eon) | Asteroid and Meteorite |
| What oceans did the Early atmosphere development? (Hadean Eon) | Formation of Oceans and Magma Oceans |
| When was the Hadean Eon? | 4600-4000 millions of years ago |
| The (Hadean Eon) had a lot of volcanic activity, True or False? | True |
| What was the formations made in the (Hadean Eon)? | Solid Crust Formation, Zircon Crystals Formation |
| What was the oldest known Earth Rocks? | Zircon Crystals (4000 million of years ago) |
| What does "Ma" mean? | one-million years is represented by “Ma,” meaning “mega annum |
| What does "Ga" mean? | One-billion years is abbreviated as “Ga” for “giga annum.” |
| What does "Ka" mean? | One-thousand years is represented by the abbreviation “Ka,” which means “kilo annum.” |
| Which eon was this event from: Formation of Earth from planetesimals scattered in the early solar system | Hadean Eon |
| Which eon was this event from: Earth was a magma ocean. It was extremely hot nearly all matter were either gas or molten rock. Molten iron sank into the deep to form Earth’s core ( Iron catastrophe) | Hadean Eon |
| Which eon was this event from: Gas bubbled up from magma ocean to form a toxic reducing atmosphere ( N2, NH3, CH4, H20, C0, C02, and S02) | Hadean Eon |
| Which eon was this event from: Earth had no permanent crust because aside from extremely hot temperature constant bombardment by meteors and asteroids prevented the planet from forming a solid surface. | Hadean Eon |
| Which eon was this event from: The shower of meteor and asteroid impacts during this period is called the Late Heavy Bombardment Period. | Hadean Eon |
| Which eon was this event from: Earth had cooled enough to allow magma to form into rigid plates of rocks. Cratons were formed some 2.7 Ga | Archaean Eon |
| Which eon was this event from: Convective currents of magma moved plates and caused plate subduction. These led to the release of mantle fumes and formation of volcanic arcs | Archaean Eon |
| Which eon was this event from: Protocontinents were formed | Archaean Eon |
| Which eon was this event from: Active volcanism added gas and water vapor to the atmosphere | Archaean Eon |
| Which eon was this event from: Separated protocontinents merged to form large continents. Fast moving plates of rocks stabilized, formed large plates and stabilized Earth’s crust. | Proterozoic Eon |
| Which eon was this event from: Prokaryotes like cyanobacteria grew in abundance. Cyanobacteria contributed to the oxygenation of the atmosphere | Proterozoic Eon |
| Which eon was this event from: The Great Oxygen Event led to the death of many obligate anaerobic organisms | Proterozoic Eon |
| Which eon was this event from: Oxygen enrichment of the atmosphere contributed to the formation of an ozone layer which protects living things from UV rays | Proterozoic Eon |
| Which eon was this event from: Eukaryotes appeared almost as a consequence of the rise of oxygen in the atmosphere. Close to the end of Proterozoic eon, complex multi-cellular organism like trilobites and other soft-bodied organisms appeared in oceans. | Proterozoic Eon |
| Which eon was this event from: Cyanobacteria absorbed significant quantities of CO2 in the atmosphere and indirectly caused Earth’s temperature to decrease. | Proterozoic Eon |
| What eras were in the Phanerozoic Eon? | Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic era |
| What periods were in the Cenozoic era (Phanerozoic Eon)? | Quarternary, Neogene, Paleogene |
| What periods were in the Mesozoic era (Phanerozoic Eon)? | Cretaceous, Jurassic. Triassic |
| What periods were in the Paleozoic era (Phanerozoic Eon)? | Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian |
| Which era was the age of mammals? | Cenozoic era |
| How many years ago was the Paleogene Period? | 65-23 Ma |
| What are the significant events in the Neogene period of the cenozoic era? part 1 | Rise of grasslands Some mammals evolved into grazers Evolution of huge mammals: mammoths, saber-toothed cats, etc. |
| What are the significant events in the Neogene period of the cenozoic era? part 2 | Appearance of early homonids The continents of North and South America met. Conjoined continents facilitated the migration of animals and later of humans World climate steadily decreased in temperature. |
| What are the significant events in the Quarternary period of the cenozoic era? part 1 | Earth’s climate entered an ice age ( Pleistocene epoch) Fluctuations in climate conditions led to the appearance and disappearance of massive thickly furred mammals ( Quaternary Extinction Event) |
| How many years ago was the Neogene Period? | 23-2.6 Ma |
| How many years ago was the Quarternary Period? | 2.6 Ma to present |
| What are the significant events in the Quarternary period of the cenozoic era? part 2 | Ice age ends and the interglacial period begins ( Holocene epoch) Homo sapiens evolved in Africa and migrated to different continents. Humans became a significant agent of change in Earth’s history. |
| Which period from which era was this? Big carnivorous mammals appeared (order Carnivora) | Jurassic period from the Mesozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Climate began to cool and turn dry | paleogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Continents continued to drift in the direction where they are today | paleogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Mammals took over the niche left by dinosaurs | paleogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Angiosperms supplanted gymnosperms as dominant plant | paleogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Mammals began to diversify and multiply | paleogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Mammals who took to the trees became the primates; those who took to the oceans became the modern ceteceans ( whales, dolphins, etc.) | paleogene period of the cenozoic era |
| What eras were in the Phanerozoic Eon? | Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic era |
| What periods were in the Cenozoic era (Phanerozoic Eon)? | Quarternary, Neogene, Paleogene |
| What periods were in the Mesozoic era (Phanerozoic Eon)? | Cretaceous, Jurassic. Triassic |
| What periods were in the Paleozoic era (Phanerozoic Eon)? | Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian |
| Which era was the age of mammals? | Cenozoic era |
| How many years ago was the Paleogene Period? | 65-23 Ma |
| How many years ago was the Neogene Period? | 23-2.6 Ma |
| How many years ago was the Quarternary Period? | 2.6 Ma to present |
| Which period from which era was this? Climate began to cool and turn dry | paleogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Continents continued to drift in the direction where they are today | paleogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Mammals took over the niche left by dinosaurs | paleogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Angiosperms supplanted gymnosperms as dominant plant | paleogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Mammals began to diversify and multiply | paleogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Rise of grasslands | Neogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Some mammals evolved into grazers | Neogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Evolution of huge mammals: mammoths, saber-toothed cats, etc. | Neogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Appearance of early homonids | Neogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? The continents of North and South America met. | Neogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Conjoined continents facilitated the migration of animals and later of humans | Neogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? World climate steadily decreased in temperature. | Neogene period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Earth’s climate entered an ice age ( Pleistocene epoch) | Quarternary period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Fluctuations in climate conditions led to the appearance and disappearance of massive thickly furred mammals ( Quaternary Extinction Event) | Quarternary period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Ice age ends and the interglacial period begins ( Holocene epoch) | Quarternary period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Homo sapiens evolved in Africa and migrated to different continents. | Quarternary period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Humans became a significant agent of change in Earth’s history. | Quarternary period of the cenozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Archosaurs and therapsids supplanted diapsids and synapsids from Permian period | Triassic period from the Mesozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Dinosaurs and pseudosuchians became dominant land animals. | Triassic period from the Mesozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Triassic-Jurassic Extinction | Triassic period from the Mesozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Pangea gradually separated into Laurasia and Gondwana. | Jurassic period from the Mesozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Sauropods, a herd of dinosaurs, appeared | Jurassic period from the Mesozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Appearance of crocodiles, birds, and mammals | Jurassic period from the Mesozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Birth of gymnosperms and their rise to being the dominant plant in terrestrial ecosystem | Jurassic period from the Mesozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Continents continue to drift apart. Spreading sea-floor released Co2 trapped in Earth’s crust into the atmosphere. | Cretaceous period from the Mesozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Angiosperms appeared | Cretaceous period from the Mesozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this?. K-Pg Extinction Event | Cretaceous period from the Mesozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Cambrian Explosion | Cambrian period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Predator-prey interactions | Cambrian period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? First Vertebrates | Ordovician period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Ordovician-Silurian Extinction | Ordovician period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Aquatic animals conquered land | Silurian period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Appearance of Tortotubus (a decomposer) | Silurian period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Appearance of vascular plants | Silurian period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Age of fishes | Devonian period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Devonian Explosion ( appearance of trees) | Devonian period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Amphibians appeared | Devonian period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Late Devonian Extinction | Devonian period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Vast Forest Ecosystem | Carboniferous period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Highest oxygenated state of the atmosphere in geologic history | Carboniferous period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Evolution of the amniotic egg | Carboniferous period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse | Carboniferous period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Age of Land Vertebrate | Permian period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? Herbivory among land vertebrate | Permian period from the Phanerozoic era |
| Which period from which era was this? The Great Dying ( Permian-Triassic Extinction) | Permian period from the Phanerozoic era |
| How many years ago was the Triassic Period? | 251-199.6 Ma |
| How many years ago was the Jurassic Period? | 199.6-145.5 Ma |
| How many years ago was the Cretaceous Period? | 145.5-65.5 Ma |
| How many years ago was the Cambrian Period? | 542-485 Ma |
| How many years ago was the Ordovician Period? | 485-443 Ma |
| How many years ago was the Silurian Period? | 443-416 Ma |
| How many years ago was the Devonian Period? | 416-359 Ma |
| How many years ago was the Carboniferous Period? | 359-399 Ma |
| How many years ago was the Permian Period? | 299-252 Ma |
Created by:
annebelle
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