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Cell Division (Gen.)
Mitosis & Meiosis (Genetics)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is DNA located in a normal eukaryotic cell? | In the nucleus |
| Chromatin | A loose combination of DNA and proteins; the phase DNA is in during much of the cell cycle; the "noodle" stage |
| How many chromosomes are located in a human somatic cell? | 46 |
| Where is DNA located in a prokaryotic cell? | In the cytoplasm |
| Gene | A specific sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein |
| Centromere | The region of a chromosome where chromatids are held together |
| What is the name of a sex cell in humans? | gamete (sperm and egg) |
| Autosome | A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. |
| What is a karyotype? | A display of an individual's chromosomes in order of size |
| Haploid | Half the usual number of copies of each chromosome, based on a somatic cell of the species |
| Diploid | Two copies of each chromosome |
| How do prokaryotes (bacteria) perform cell division? | Binary fission |
| What are the two forms of cell division in eukaryotes (ex: humans) called? | Mitosis and meiosis |
| What is mitosis? | Division of the nucleus |
| What is cytokinesis? | Division of the cytoplasm |
| What happens during Prophase? | chromatin fibers coil tightly into visible chromosomes, nuclear membrane begins to disappear, centrioles begin to move to opposite ends of the cell, and spindle fibers begin to form |
| What happens during Metaphase? | Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of chromosomes and move the chromosomes to the middle of the cell |
| What happens during Anaphase? | Sister chromatids are pulled by spindle fibers to opposite poles of the cell, and each new chromosome has identical genetic information |
| What happens during Telophase? | Nuclear membranes form around each cell's set of chromosomes, the chromosomes begin to uncoil into chromatin, nucleoli reappear, and a cleavage furrow starts to form in the cytoplasm (of animal cells) as the cell prepares to divide. |
| Where does a "cell plate" form? | In plant cells during telophase |
| cell cycle | A series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide |
| Centriole | A cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division. |
| Cleavage furrow | The indentation that occurs in the middle of an animal cell that is ready to complete cytokinesis. |
| Chromatid | One half of a chromosome |
| Somatic | Any body cell except for reproductive cells. |
| Sister chromatid | chromatids that are identical |
| Telomere | A structure of repeating nucleotides at the end of DNA molecules that helps prevent the loss of genes during DNA replication and cell division. |
| Chromosome | A continuous thread of DNA containing genes and regulatory information; the stage DNA is in when packaged for "moving" - cell division |
| Histone | A protein that DNA wraps around; helps package DNA and provide structural support for chromosomes |
| Sex chromosome | A chromosome that determines biological sex. In humans, X and Y. |
| What is the purpose of meiosis? | The division of sex cells for future reproduction of a species |
| What is the result of meiosis in humans? | The production of 4 gametes (sperm or egg) |
| How many cell divisions are there in meiosis? | 2 cell divisions (stage I and stage II) |
| When is a zygote formed? | During fertilization between male and female gametes (not during meiosis) |
| What type of cell does meiosis occur in? | Eukaryote |
| What is "binary fission"? | Cell division in prokaryotic organisms (bacteria) |
| How many chromosomes does a haploid (n) have as compared to a diploid (2n)? | Haploids have 1/2 the number of chromosomes as the diploid body cells. |
| "Homologous chromosomes" (XX) will separate during which stage of meiosis? | Meiosis I (anaphase I) |
| Which process creates 4 viable (good) gametes? | Spermatogenesis - male |
| Which process creates only 1 viable (good) gamete? | Oogenesis (the other 3 are "polar bodies" that are not viable) |
| At which stage of meiosis do chromatids separate? | Anaphase II |
| What is crossing over? | Sharing of genetic material during synapsis - prophase I |
| At what phase would nondisjunction take place? | Anaphase I (chromosomes) or Anaphase II (chromatids) - either too many or not enough after separation |
| What stage of meiosis is critical to genetic diversity in a population? | Prophase I |
| What is synapsis? | The pairing of two homologous chromosomes during Prophase I |
| What is the result of crossing over? | A "recombination" of genes after prophase I |
| What is independent assortment? | The random chance that a homologous chromosome will move to either side during anaphase of meiosis. |
| A sperm cell has 30 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the somatic cells of the same organism? | 60 |
Created by:
onceamustang
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