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loe evolution lec 8

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What are five unique traits of humans compared to other primates? Bipedal locomotion. Complex tool use. Language capabilities. Large brains. Loss of fur.
Why did bipedalism evolve? Environmental changes from forest to savanna made upright walking more efficient for movement and heat dissipation.
What are the physiological adaptations for bipedalism? Modified hips, knees, and limb proportions. Longer and stronger legs compared to arms. Arched feet for support.
What is the “East Side Story” hypothesis? Around 8 million years ago, the Great Rift Valley isolated East Africa. Apes in the lush west remained tree-dwelling, while pre-humans in the east adapted to bipedalism due to drier environments.
What are the benefits of bipedalism? Frees hands for tool use and food gathering. Greater energy efficiency for long-distance travel.
What are the benefits of larger brain sizes in humans? Enhanced memory and cognitive abilities. Improved tool-making capabilities. Capacity for advanced language and communication.
What is the energy cost of larger brains? Brain functions require 20-25% of resting energy, demanding a richer diet.
What distinguishes human tool use from other animals? Humans create and use complex, sophisticated tools.
What are Oldowan tools? The oldest known stone tools, dating back 2.5-2.6 million years, signifying early innovation.
How is the hyoid bone connected to speech? Its structure supports speech but increases choking risk due to its descent.
What brain regions are involved in language? Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, primarily in the left hemisphere.
When is language evolution believed to have started? Approximately 2 million years ago.
Why did humans lose fur? To prevent overheating and enable efficient sweating in hot climates.
What hypothesis is less supported regarding fur loss? The aquatic ape hypothesis.
How does domestication benefit humans beyond food? Provides resources for transportation, protection, and societal organization.
What early architectural site highlights societal progression? Göbekli Tepe, showcasing early construction and social organization.
What interconnected traits define human evolution? Bipedalism, brain enlargement, tool use, language, and fur loss.
How does the progression of civilization reflect human adaptation? Through transformative behaviors like cooking, tool-making, transportation, and architecture.
Created by: REDZ17
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