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loe evolution lec7

loe evolution lec6

QuestionAnswer
What does the Multiregional Theory propose? Hominids evolved in Africa over 1 million years ago, spreading to other regions with genetic exchange, leading to uniform features in modern humans.
What does the Out-of-Africa Theory state? Multiple hominid lineages coexisted in Africa, but only one lineage left ~100,000 years ago, with other hominids going extinct.
What are Short Tandem Repeat (STR) genes, and why are they important? Repeated DNA sequences used to study genetic variation and ancestry.
What is significant about Alu genes on Chromosome 12? Two alleles: Alu (+) (more common) and Alu (-) (absent in great apes). Studied to understand genetic diversity and variation.
Where is most genetic variation found, and what does this support? In sub-Saharan African populations, supporting the Out-of-Africa theory.
Who is "Mitochondrial Eve"? A common ancestor traced through mtDNA, estimated to have lived in Africa 166,000–249,000 years ago.
What does mtDNA reveal about human ancestry? Genetic diversity rates trace back to Africa, supporting early hominid origins.
How does studying Y-chromosomal lineages aid human evolutionary studies? It provides insights into early hominid migrations and population movements.
Why are neutral genetic variants significant? They help trace migration patterns without being influenced by natural selection.
What were the physical attributes of Neanderthals? Average brain size: 1450 cm³ (larger than modern humans). Average male height: 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in).
When did Neanderthals exist, and how long did they coexist with modern humans? Existed between 230,000–30,000 years ago, coexisting with modern humans for about 100,000 years.
What cultural practices were unique to Neanderthals? First to bury their dead, with burial sites dating back ~100,000 years. Used advanced tools and weapons.
How were Neanderthals adapted to cold climates? Shorter limbs to conserve heat. Close-quarters hunting of large animals for survival.
What factors likely contributed to Neanderthal extinction? Climatic shifts leading to habitat changes. Competition with modern humans for resources.
How did cultural differences affect Neanderthals? Lacked symbolic culture compared to modern humans. Shorter childhoods may have limited cognitive development and problem-solving skills.
What is the significance of Neanderthal genome research? It helps unravel their interrelations with modern humans and other hominids.
Which theory does genetic evidence support for human evolution? The Out-of-Africa theory, with significant genetic variability in sub-Saharan African populations.
What physical and cultural characteristics distinguished Neanderthals from modern humans? Physical: Larger brain size, adaptations to cold climates. Cultural: Burial practices and hunting strategies.
What were key factors in Neanderthal extinction? Climate change and competition with modern humans.
Created by: REDZ17
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