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Criminology- Unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Crime | Human conduct that violates the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction that has the power to make and enforce the laws. |
| Statute | A law enacted by the legislative branch of the government. |
| Criminologist | One who studies crime, criminals, and criminal behavior. |
| Criminalist | One who is a specialist in the collection and examination of the physical evidence of crime |
| Criminal Justice Professional | Those who do day-to-day work of the criminal justice system. |
| Criminology | An interdisciplinary profession built on scientific study of crime and criminal behavior, including their manifestation, causes, legal aspects, and control. |
| Theoretical Criminology | Offers explanations for criminal behavior. |
| General Theory | Attempts to explain most forms of criminal conduct through a single approach. |
| Unicausal Theory | Posing a single identifiable source or all serious deviant and criminal behavior. |
| Integrated Theory | Merges concepts drawn from sources. |
| Social relativity | The notion that social events are interpreted differently according to cultural experiences and personal interest of the initiator, observer, or receipt of behavior. |
| NCVS | The National Crime Victimization Survey |
| UCR | The Uniform Crime Reporting Program |
| NIBRS | National Incident Based Reporting System |
| Evidence-Based criminology | The use of rigorous social scientific techniques to develop knowledge in the field of criminology. |
| Translational criminology | Translation the results of criminological research into workable social policy. |
| Situational Crime-Control Policy | Focuses on the context in which crime occurs rather than on people who commit crimes. |
| Deterrence | Criminal sentencing that seeks to inhibit behavior through the fear of punishment. |
| Recidivism | Repetition of behavior of those who have already committed a crime. |
| Capital Punishment | The legal imposition of a sentence of death upon a convicted offender. |
| Ex. of capital punishment | Death Penalty |
| Incapacitation | The use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood of criminal behavior. |
| Selective Incapacitation | Crime is controlled via the imprisonment of certain individuals. |
| Collective Incapacitation: | Changes in legislation on dangerous offenders from society. |
Created by:
SophieMaureen
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