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botany
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alternation of generations | gametophyte and sporophyte phase |
| xylem | water and minerals upward |
| phloem | water and food downward (throughout the plant) |
| dermal tissue | epidermis, cork |
| cuticle | wax secretion of the epidermis |
| stomata | opening for gas exchange in photosynthesis |
| cork | dead layers of cells in mature plants |
| collenchyma | found in strings like in celery |
| sclerenchyma | found around veins in leaves |
| vascular tissue | xylem and phloem |
| ground tissue | collenchyma, sclerenchyma, parenchyma |
| parenchyma | storage and photosynthesis; palisade and spongy mesophyll |
| meristematic tissue | only cells capable of mitosis |
| apical meristem | growth in the tips of roots |
| primary growth | growth in length |
| secondary growth | growth in diameter |
| vascular cambium | produces xylem to the inside and phloem to the outside |
| annual rings | made of xylem; springwood and summerwood |
| phylum bryophyta | true mosses |
| leafy shoot | 1 moss plant |
| rhizoids | root-like structures |
| non-vascular plants | small and found in moist areas |
| seed | organ; embryonic plant with stored food covered by a multicellular seed coat |
| spore | not an organ; cell with a secretion as a protective covering |
| seedless vascular plants | phylum pteridophyta (ferns) |
| sori | groups of sporangia in sporophyte stage |
| fiddlehead | developing fern frond |
| vascular plants with seeds | angiosperms and gymnosperms |
| gymnosperms | phylum coniferophyta; seeds in cones not ovary; nonflowering |
| angiosperms | seeds enclosed in ovary; flowering |
| conifers | seed and pollen cones; have needles or scales |
| phylum anthophyta | monocot or dicot |
| monocot | 1 cotyledon, parallel venation, fibrous roots, flower parts in 3s or 6s |
| dicot | 2 cotyledons, netted venation, taproot, flower parts in 4s, 5s, or multiples |
| complete flowers | have all the parts |
| incomplete flowers | missing parts (male/female on separate flower, missing petals) |
| composite flowers | multiple flowers on one recepticle |
| pedicel | stalk |
| receptacle | enlarged end of pedicel |
| sepals | protect developing flower |
| petals | attract pollinators |
| stamen | male reproductive part |
| filament | stalk supporting anther |
| anther | produces pollen |
| carpel | female reproductive part |
| stigma | sticky and receives pollen |
| style | supports stigma |
| ovary | has ovules; becomes fruit; superior or inferior |
| ovules | female gametes |
| botany | study of plants |
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