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Vocab 1/21/25

Mcgraw Hill Module 9 Lesson 1 Vocab

TermDefinition
chromatin relaxed form of DNA in the nucleus of a cell.
chromosome DNA-containing structure that carries genetic material from one generation to another.
nucleosome repeating subunit of chromatin fibers, consisting of DNA coiled around histones.
cell cycle process of cellular reproduction, occurring in three main stages—interphase (growth), mitosis (nuclear division), and cytokinesis (cytoplasm division).
interphase first stage of the cell cycle, during which a cell grows, matures, and replicates its DNA.
mitosis second main stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s replicated DNA divides and two genetically identical diploid daughter cells are produced.
prophase first stage of mitosis, during which the cell’s chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
sister chromatid structure that contains identical DNA copies and is formed during DNA replication.
centromere cell structure that joins two sister chromatids.
spindle apparatus structure made of spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers that is involved in moving and organizing chromosomes before the cell divides.
metaphase second stage of mitosis in which motor proteins pull sister chromatids to the cell’s equator.
anaphase third stage of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled apart and microtubules, along with motor proteins, move the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell.
telophase last stage of mitosis in which nucleoli reappear. Two new nuclear membranes begin to form, but the cell has not yet completely divided.
cytokinesis third main stage of the cell cycle, during which the cell’s cytoplasm divides, creating a new cell.
cyclin one of the specific proteins that regulate the cell cycle.
cyclin-dependent kinase enzyme to which cyclin binds during interphase and mitosis, triggering and controlling activities during the cell cycle.
apoptosis programmed cell death.
cancer uncontrolled growth and division of cells that can be caused by changes in control of the cell cycle and also may be caused by environmental factors.
carcinogen cancer-causing substance.
Created by: cchidester2289
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