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loe evolution 2

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What is comparative anatomy? The study of anatomical structures among different species to infer evolutionary relationships.
What are homologous structures? Similar structures in different species indicating common ancestry. Example: Limb bones in vertebrates.
What are analogous structures? Structures in unrelated species that serve similar functions due to convergent evolution. Example: Wings of bats and birds.
What is divergent evolution? The process where related species evolve different traits due to adaptations to different environments.
What is convergent evolution? The process where unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures.
What is parallel evolution? When organisms evolve similarly while living in different geographical locations.
What is comparative embryology? The study of embryonic development stages among vertebrates that suggest a common ancestry.
What does "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" mean? What does "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" mean?
What are vestigial structures? Features that serve little to no function in the current organism but indicate ancestral origins. Example: Wisdom teeth in humans, pelvic bones in whales.
What is paleontology? The study of fossils, providing evidence of evolutionary changes over time.
What is relative dating? A technique used to determine the age of fossils based on their stratigraphic position.
What is radiometric dating? A method that measures the decay of isotopes to determine the absolute age of fossils. Example: 14C dating.
What are intermediate forms in paleontology? Fossils that exhibit traits from both ancestral and modern species. Example: Archaeopteryx (features of both reptiles and birds).
What is artificial selection? The process where humans breed organisms for specific, desirable traits. Example: Domestic plant species that have diversified through cultivation.
What is industrial melanism in pepper moths? The phenomenon where dark-colored moths are favored in polluted environments due to their camouflage.
How did Darwin’s finches demonstrate natural selection? Variations in beak size based on food availability showed how species adapt to their environment.
What is antibiotic resistance in bacteria? The process where bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics due to selective pressures from antibiotic use.
What is biochemical evidence for evolution? The shared DNA and biochemical processes among all life forms, supporting common ancestry.
What are molecular clocks? Genetic divergence rates that serve as a timeline for species evolution.
Created by: REDZ17
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