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Chapter 3 Vocab
Skin Structure, Disorders, and Diseases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| dermatology | The medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin, its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment |
| dermatologist | is a physician engaged in the practice of treating skin, including its structures, functions, and diseases. |
| integumentary system | is an organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. |
| callus | which is a very important and much-needed protective layer that prevents damage to the underlying skin. |
| epidermis | is the outermost and thinnest layer of the skin. It does not contain blood vessels and is reliant on the dermis for its nutrition for continuous cell renewal. |
| stratum corneum | also called the horny layer, is the first line of defense against foreign substances and antigens, such as UV rays, pollution, allergens, viruses, bacteria, and undesirable topicals |
| stratum lucidum | is the clear, transparent layer just under the skin's surface; it consists of small, oval shaped cells through which light can pass |
| stratum granulosum | or grainy layer, consists of cells that look like small, distinct granules |
| stratum spinosum | is often referred to as the spiny layer, This is where the Langerhans (LANG-ur-Ihans) cells- which are immune support cells reside. |
| stratum germinativum | is also known as the basal layer (BAY-zal LAY-er) and is the deepest living layer of the epidermis. |
| pheomelanin | which red to yellow in color - People with light-colored skin mostly produce pheomelanin, while those with dark-colored skin mostly produce eumelanin |
| eumelanin | which is deep brown to black. People with light-colored skin mostly produce pheomelanin, while those with dark-colored skin mostly produce eumelanin |
| dermis | or true skin, is the underlying or inner layer of the skin. NOTE: Dermis is also called the derma, corium, or cutis |
| arrector pili muscles | tiny involuntary muscles at the base of the hair follicles that cause goosebumps) and papillae (small cone-shaped projections of elastic tissue that point upward into the epidermis). |
| papillary layer | is the upper layer of the dermis located directly beneath |
| reticular layer | is the deepest layer of the dermis and supplies the skin with allits oxygen and nutrients. |
| subcutaneous tissue | is a fatty layer found below the dermis. |
| Motor nerve fibers | are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to the hair follicles. These muscles can cause goosebumps when a person is frightened or cold. |
| Sensory nerve fibers | react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain. These sensory receptors send messages to the brain |
| Secretory nerve fibers | regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and control the flow of seburn (a fatty or oily secretion of the sebaceous glands) to the surface of the skin |
| Collagen | is a fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength. There are as many as 16 types of collagen throughout the body; however, collagen types I and III are most abundant in the skin, Collagen fibers are interwoven with a protein called elastin. |
| elastin | This fiber gives the skin its flexibility, helping it regain its shape, even after being repeatedly stretched or expanded. NOTE: Elastin makes up about 15 percent of thecollagen fibers. |
| Apocrine glands | are usually associated with our hair follicles, scalp, underarms, and genitals. They secrete a fatty sweat. |
| Eccrine glands | are the major sweat glands of the body and found all over our skin. They are coiled tubular glands that excrete directly to the surface of the skin, helping regulate body temperature and eliminate waste products from the body. |
| Sebum | is a semi-fluid that in humans contains a mixture of triglycerides/cholesterol, ester waxes, and squalene. NOTE: The sebacous or oil, glands of the skin are connected to the hair follicles. |
| barrier function | When skin is healthy, sebum flows through the oile ducts to the opening at the top of the hair follicles to mix with sweat and forms the acid mantle |
| comedo | When sebum hardens and the duct becomes clogged from pollution or bad hygiene, it can create a pore impaction. |
| acne papule | or pustule (PUS-chew) When a hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum is formed and oxygen is deprived |
| Acne | is skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from hardened secretions, bactearia, and gaseous sacs that result in papules, pustules and cysts |
| Lymph | clear fluid that resem. blood plasma contains only water and other colorless substances. This fluid is supplied from the lymph nodes and bathes the skin's cells, remove toxins and waste, immune functions that help protect the skin and body against disease |
| skin physiology | The study of the skin's function. |
| Vitamin A | supports the overall health of the_skin_and aids in the health, function, and repair of skin cells. It has been shown to improve the skin's elasticity and thickness. The best sourceslare found in eggs, beef liver, carrots, sweet potato, kale, and spinach. |
| Vitamin C | needed for proper repair of the skin and various tissues. aids in immune support, and even speeds up, the healing processes of the body. important in fighting the aging process and promotes the production of collagen in the skin's dermat tissues |
| Vitamin D | helps absorb and use calcium for proper bone development and maintenance. promotes healthy, rapid healing of the skin and is an essential to support emotional brain health. |
| Vitamin E | helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun's rays. It slows the loss of elasticity and helps in the healing of wounds. The best sources are found in almonds, spinach, sweet potato, avocados, wheat germ, sunflower seeds, and palm oil. |
| Vitamin K | helps the body respond to injuries and it regulates normal blood clotting. It also assists the transport |
| B Vitamins | help the body break down nutri- ents from proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. |
| hyponatremia | water intoxocation, Drinking excessive amounts of water can lead to potentially dangerous condition; this causes excessive swelling in which sodium levels in the blood drop by too much. This can result in long-term heart problems |
| UVB rays | shorter and have a higher frequency; more damage they penetrate the epidermis (top layer of skin) and cause the skin to tan by affecting the melanocyte cells of the epidermis that are responsible for producing melanin. UVB can cause sunburn |
| UVA or aging rays | can penetrate the earth's crust up to 20 percent the longer UVA rays break down collagen and elastin, which contributes to loss of skin tone and causes wrinkles, sagging and cellulite |
| telangiectasias | a condition that happens when heavy or excessive intake of alcohol can overdilate blood vessels and capillaries |
| lesion | is a mark on the skin. Certain lesions could indicate an injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues or organs NOTE: The nail technician is concerned with primary and secondary lesions only. |
| Primary lesions | are lesions that are a different color than the color of the skin and/or lesions that are raised above the surface of the skin. |
| Secondary skin lesions | are characterized by piles of material on the skin surface, such as a crust or scab, or by depressions in the skin surface, such as an ulcer. |
| Anhicrosis | A deficiency in perspiration, often a result of fever or certain skin diseases. |
| Bromhidrosis | A foul-smelling perspiration usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet. |
| Hyperhidrosis | Excessive sweating with unknown causes. |
| Miliaria rubra | Prickly heat; acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands that is characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles (VEH-si-kul) and accompanied by burning , itching skin. Caused by blockage of the sweat glands |
| Dermatitis | An abnormal inflammatory con dition of the skin. The lesions come in various forms, such as vesicles or papules. |
| Eczema | An inflammatory, painful itching dis- ease of the skin. |
| Cellulitus | appears as a swollen, red area of skin that feels hot and tender |
| Psoriasis | A skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales usually found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back. |
| Albinism | Congenital leukoderma, or the absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes |
| Chloasma | A condition characterized by increased pigmentation on the skin or dark spots that are not elevated |
| Lentigenes | singular: lentigo (len-TY-gohy The technical term for freckles |
| Leukoderma | A skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches and caused by a burnor congenital disease that destroys the pigment-producing cells. It is classified as vitiligo and albinism |
| Nevus | A small or large malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries; commonly known as a birthmark |
| Port-wine stain | An abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular and irreg- ular shape. Its permanent color is due to the presence of darker pigment. |
| Vitiligo | Milky-white spots |
| Basal Cell Carcinoma | is the most common and least severe type of skin cancer,which often appears as light, pearly nodules; characteristics include sores, reddish patches, or a smooth growth with an elevated border. |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | More serious than basal cell carcinoma; characterized by scaly, red or pink papules or nodules; also appear. |
| Malignant Melanoma | most serious skin cance it can spread quickly black or dark patches on skin are usually uneven texture, jagged, raised;surface crust/ bleed, least common,fatal if leftearly detect result in 94% 5y survival rate. drops62% once it reaches local lymph nodes. |
| Herpes simplex | A highly contagious viral infection that causes blister- like clusters typically found on the skin around the mouth, nose, or genital area. |
| Verruca | The technical term for wart: the hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis. This is caused by a virus and is infectious. Verruca can spread from one location to another, particularly along a scratch in the skin. |
| Tinea manus | Ringworm of the hand. The cause is a fungal infection. |
| Tinea pedis | Athlete's foot or ringworm of the feet. The cause is fungal; it thrives in dark, moist places |
| Dermatitis | is a medical term for abnormal skin inflammation |
| Contact dermatitis | is the most common avoidable skin disease for nail technicians. It is caused by continuous contact with irritating substances to the skin. |
| irritant contact dermatitis | is when the skin is irritated by a substance. |
| Histamine | is an immune response to contact allergies, redness or a rash-like Chemicals are released in the blood that enlarge the vessels around an injury or irritation Most allergic reactions beginhistamine response, and medications can reduce the symptoms. |
| permanent allergic contact dermatitis | is caused by prolonged exposure to certain ingredients |
Created by:
NailsbyPaulina
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