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Chondrichthyes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Characteristics of Chondrichtheyes | ~cartilaginous skeleton; light & flexible; strong swimmers; streamline bodies; Paired Fins (pectoral & pelvic); 2 dorsal fins; heterocercal caudal fin (used for lift); |
| These are unattached to jaw and are replaced every few days to months | shark teeth |
| Modified pelvic fins that are found in males | claspers |
| These transfer sperm when mating | claspers |
| How many gill slits are usually present | 5-7 |
| What do the uncovered gill slits do? | Extra oxygen as water passes over them |
| How do chondrichthyes ventilate their gills | with buccal pumping and obligate ram ventilators |
| This organ slows digestion and increases absorption | spiral valve |
| Large livers contain what oil | squalene |
| squalene helps with | buoyancy |
| Name the 6 shark senses | seeing, smell, feel, hearing, |
| describe placoid scales/ denticles | fosslized scales (400 myo)dermial teach- modified teeth |
| Class: Chondrichthyes is part of what phylum and sub-phylum? | Phylum: Chordata Sub-phylum: Vertebrate |
| Sharks, Rays & Skates are part of what sub-class? | Elasmobranchii |
| Chimaera are part of what sub-class? | Holocephalii (Chimaera) |
| How many species exist in the class Chondrichtheyes? | 900 species |
| What do sharks use to breath when they are not moving | spiracle - part of buccal pump |
| 4 senses of sharks | Smell/Feel; Feel/ Touch (lateral lines); Sight/Eyes; Hearing/ Ears |
| What do sharks use to smell/feel? | Nares & Ampullae of Lorenzini |
| What are nares? describe them | Paired nostrils Not related to breathing 1 drop of blood in a 1m drops of water Smell blood 0.25 mile (0.4 km) away |
| What are Ampullae of Lorenzini? | Jelly-filled canals in snout; function as bio-electroreceptors |
| How does the lateral line help the shark feel/ touch? | They are Fluid filled vessel along side of shark and Detects water pressure changes |
| Two parts of shark eye that help with sight? | Nictitating membrane - protective cover and Tapetum Lucidum - reflective layer behind retina |
| How do sharks hear? | Ears are pores located on top of head; sensitive to low frequency sounds |
| Sharks produce offspring in what ways? | vivaporous, oviporous, oviviparous |
| What is vivaporous? | placental development w/ direct connection to the mother by umbilical cord (ex. hammerhead, blue shark) |
| What is oviparous? | external egg cases (ex. carpet sharks, horn sharks) |
| What is ovoviviparous (aplacental vivparous) | egg mass held within the body - no umbilical cord yok provides nutrients (ex. whale shark, dog fish, great white) |
| What species are part of Batoids? | skates & rays |
| Skates and Rays date back to when? | Jurassic period -150 million years ago |
| Skates and Rays are demersal, what does that mean? | mostly bottom dwelling fishes |
| Batoids are | flattened dorsoventrally with enormous pectoral fins |
| What kind of teeth do batoids have and why? | crushing teeth to feed on shellfish |
| How many species of batoids exist? | 500 species (18 families) |
| Characteristics of Skates | oviparous; have fleshy tails (lack spines); small teeth; smaller body size |
| Characteristics of Rays | viviparous; absent or reduced dorsal fin, plate like teeth for crushing; kite-shaped/whip-like tail w/ stinging barbs. |
| what type of reproduction have intrauterine cannibalism? | ovovivparous |
| examples of batoids | stingray, electric ray, butterfly ray round rays, mantarays, guitarfish, sawfish |
Created by:
pshelly
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