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Nursing (Chapt 1-3)
| Answer | |
|---|---|
| Laws are rules of conduct that are established by our government. What are the Three sources: | -The Constitution and Bill of Rights (Constitutional law) -Laws made by elected officials (Judicial) -Regulations made by agencies created by elected officials(Administrative) |
| Constitutional law | provides for basic rights and creates legislative bodies |
| Judicial law | results when a law or court decision is challenged and the judge affirms or reverses the decision |
| Administrative law | comes from agencies created by the legislature |
| What is Civil Law | Guarantees individual rights A tort is a violation of civil law |
| What is a Crime or Criminal Law | A wrong against society Imprisonment and/or fines may result if one is convicted of a crime |
| Nurse Practice Act | Designed to protect the public Defines the Scope of Nursing Practice & Regulates the Profession by a states board of nursing |
| Reciprocity | nurse licensure compacts, or recognition of one state’s nursing license by another state is a current issue |
| Student Nurses | Held to the same standards as a licensed nurse Legally responsible for their own actions or inaction Need to know their state’s nurse practice act |
| Professional Accountability | a commitment to stay current and knowledgeable |
| LPN may supervise | nursing assistants technicians or other LPNs |
| Delegating nurse’s duty is to | supervise and evaluate care that a licensed or unlicensed person provides |
| Most common charges brought against nurses include: | substance abuse, incompetence, and negligence It is considered negligence not to report another professional’s misconduct |
| CAPTA | Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act |
| Good Samaritan Laws | Protects a health care professional from liability if he stops to provide aid in an emergency |
| What is a Sentinel event | An unexpected patient care event that results in death or serious injury (or risk thereof) to the patient Most frequent cause is lack of communication among caregivers |
| What is a Medical Record | A confidential legal document. Only people directly associated with the care of that patient have legal access to information in the chart |
| Standards of care | define actions that are permitted or prohibited in most nursing interventions |
| HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act) | HIPAA regulates the way patient information is conveyed and stored. |
| Consent | Legal document that records the patient’s permission to perform a treatment or surgery, or to give information to insurance companies or other health care providers |
| Informed Consent | Person signing must know what the consent allows and be able to make a knowledgeable decision |
| Release | Legal form to excuse one party from liability Common release is a Leave Against Medical Advice (Leave AMA) |
| Witnessing Legal Docs | Not Illegals BUT Most hospitals and health care agencies have policies against witnessing wills or legal documents |
| Advance Directives | Allow a person to plan for/communicate medical wishes if unable to do so himself. All 50 states recognize but regulate differently |
| Durable power of attorney and/or Health Care Surrogate | Person is chosen by the patient to follow the patient’s advance directives and make medical decisions on his behalf |
| Who writes a DNR order and what does it mean? | Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders are written by a physician when the patient has indicated a desire to be allowed to die if he stops breathing or his heart stops. |
| Negligence | Failing to do something a reasonably prudent person would do, or doing something a reasonably prudent person would NOT do |
| Malpractice | Negligence by a professional person Not acting according to professional standards of care as a reasonably prudent professional would |
| In order to prove malpractice, four elements must be present: | duty, a breach of duty, causation, and injury. |
| Assault | The threat to harm another, or even to threaten to touch another without that person’s permission |
| Battery | Actual physical contact that has been refused or that is carried out against the person’s will |
| What are the 2 types of Defamation (Untrue Statements) | Slander (Oral Libel (Written) |
| Invasion of Privacy | A violation of the confidential and privileged nature of a professional relationship |
| False Imprisonment | Preventing a person from leaving, or restricting movements in the facility |
| AMA (Against Medical Advice) | Leave Against Medical Advice used to document the medical advice given and the patient’s informed choice to leave against that advice |
| Protective Devices (Device used to limit a persons mobility) | Inappropriate use can result in False Imprisonment charge. Can be mechanical or chemical. Physician order needed for any protective device |
| Nursing Competence | Possessing skill, knowledge, and experience necessary to provide adequate nursing care |
| Nursing Competence Documentation is | key in proving nursing actions used were appropriate, protecting nurse from liability |
| Nursing Competence: Lawsuits may be avoided by.. | Lawsuits may be avoided by early identification of dissatisfied patients |
| Incident/Occurrence Reports | Document occurrence that is out of the ordinary. Not filed as part of the patient’s chart; no reference to the incident report is made in the patient’s chart |
| Ethics in Nursing (based on values and not illegal to break) | rules of conduct that have been agreed to by a particular group agreed to be morally right or proper for that group They are voluntary, based on values and can change as nursing changes (still can result in disciplinary actions if broken.) |
| Code of ethics | respect for human dignity and a commitment to maintaining competence. |
| Florence Nightingale (Improved V.S.N.) | Cleaned up the wards and improved ventilation, sanitation, and nutrition |
| Nightingale Lowered Death Rated from | 60% to 1% |
| Nightingale based curriculum on (N.FA.CE.) | Nutrition is important part of nursing care Fresh, clean air is beneficial to the sick Nurses need continuing education |
| Dorothea Dix | Organize volunteers to provide nursing care to soldiers |
| Clara Barton | Founded Red Cross (cared for soldiers on both sides) |
| Lillian Ward | Took Nursing into the community |
| Nursing in North America | Students staffed hospitals and worked long hours without pay No formal classes No formal curriculum Education achieved through work Instruction performed bedside by physician |
| Common Nursing Goals (W.I.C.H) | To promote wellness To prevent illness To facilitate coping To restore health |
| Intervention (I.M.R. Health) | are actions taken to improve, maintain or restore health or prevent illness |
| Nurse Roles Include: (C.E.C.M.A) | Caregiver Educator Collaborator Manager Advocate |
| Evidence based practice involves | using the best scientific evidence to guide nursing care and improve patient outcomes (determines "best practices") |
| Nursing Process (A.P.I.E) | It is a circular process involving ongoing assessment, planning , implementation, and evaluation |
| LPN's provide direct care under supervision of: | RN's Physicians Dentist |
| NAPNES Certification | Pharmacology Long-Term Care IV Therapy (Valid for 3 years) |
| Total Patient Care | One nurse did everything for their patient. Less fragmented care. MORE EXPENSIVE |
| Primary Nursing | One nurse plans and directs care. Eliminated fragmented care. Use of cross-trained personnel. |
| Patient Centered Care (S.E.PC.T.E.E.) | Patient-centered care has been fully embraced by the nursing community, and it is identified as one of the seven QSEN competencies in 2001.: Safety, effectiveness, Patient – centered, timeliness, efficiency, and equitableness |
| DRG's (Drug Related Groups) | were created by Medicare in attempt to contain rising health care costs by enrolling patients for a set fee per month |
| HMO (Health Maintenance Organizations) | Patient must be referred by their PCP for diagnostic tests , hospitalization(including ER visits) and consultation with a specialist One goal is to keep patients healthy and out of the hospital |
| PPO (Preferred Provider Organizations) | Offers more physicians to choose from. Allow insurance companies to keep premium rates lower and make insurance coverage of employees less expensive for employers |
| Affordable Care Act | Requires Insurance. Prevented denials of coverage due to pre-existing conditions. Insured kids until 26. Dropped national uninsured rate from 16% to 11%. |
| Health | A relative state in which one is able to function well physically, mentally, socially, and spiritually in order to express the full range of one’s unique potentialities within the environment in which one is living |
| Chronic Illness | Develops Slow, lasts long or forever |
| Acute Illness | Develops Fast, Resolves fast |
| Terminal | No cure. Ends in death |
| Primary Illness | Develops without being caused by another illness |
| Secondary Illness | Results from primary illness |
| Congenital Disease | Present at birth |
| idiopathic Illness | Unknown Cause |
| Stages of Illness (T.A.C.) | Transitional (Onset) Acceptance (Sick role assumed) Convalescence (Recovery) |
| Rene Dubos & Herbert Dunn | Established scale/spectrum of health that ranges from obvious disease through absence of disease to a state of optimum functioning in every aspect of life |
| Health Behavior | Eating Well |
| Illness Behavior | Taking prescribed medication or seeking a doctor when feeling unwell |
| Holistic Nursing Approach | Considers biologic psychological sociologic and spiritual needs |
| Adaptation | A response to change |
| GAS or General Adaptation Syndrome (Long Term Stress) A.R.E. | Stage: Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion |
| Primary Prevention | avoids or delays occurrence of a specific disease or disorder Wearing a seatbelt |
| Secondary Prevention | Follow screening guidelines. Getting tested, pap smears, etc |
| Tertiary Prevention | Rehab after disease is stabilized. |
| Nursing theory base their beliefs on (H.E.H) | Human Relationships Environment Health |
| Standards of Practical Nursing are written by | National Association of Licensed Practical Nurses |
| How can a LPN advance their nursing career? | by broadening the educational bases |
| DRG'S requires nurses to | provide more supportive documentation of their assessments and identified patient’s needs to qualify the facility for Medicare reimbursement |
| Standards of Nursing Practice | designed to guide the LPN to deliver safe, knowledgeable care. |
| Tertiary health care includes: | extended care, chronic disease management, medical homes, in-home personal care, and hospice care. |
| Defense Mechanisms | Unconscious strategies to reduce anxiety |
| Students are not expected to perform skills as quickly or as smoothly as experienced nurses, but ... | students must achieve the same result in a safe manner. |
| First step to dealing with sexual harassment | ask the person to stop, then tell a supervisor |
| Health Care Agent | makes decisions for the patient only when a patient is unable, according to the wishes made known by the patient in advance directives. A health care agent is not responsible for financial decisions or payments |
| Nurse who does CPR on a DNR | can be found guilty of battery |
| Minors can sign a consent form if | independent by court order, member of the military, pregnant, or married |
| OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Act) | created to improve work environments, regulate how we handle infectious or toxic material, radiation, and electrical equipment |
| Most frequent cause of a sentinel event | miscommunication |
| SBAR | Maybe I for introduction Situation Background Assessment Recomendation Maybe R for readback |
Created by:
Ikeamia
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