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Topic 2 ALL
Topic 2: Genes and Heredity ALL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| dominant allele | an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
| recessive allele | an allele that is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present |
| probability | a number that describes how likely it is that a particular event will occur |
| genotype | an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations |
| phenotype | an organism's physical appearance, or visible traits |
| homozygous | two identical alleles; purebred, two capital letters or two lowercase letters |
| heterozygous | represents two different alleles; hybrid, a capital and lowercase |
| chromosome | a threadlike structure within a cell's nucleus that contains DNA that is passed from one generation to the next |
| pedigree | a tool that geneticists use to map out the inheritance of traits |
| meiosis | the process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half |
| mitosis | the second stage of the cell cycle, during which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one set of DNA is distributed into each daughter cell |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
| protein synthesis | the process by which amino acids link together to form proteins |
| messenger RNA | type of RNA that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to ribosomes in the cytoplasm |
| transfer RNA | type of RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis |
| variation | any difference between individuals of the same species |
| sex chromosomes | the pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is biologically male or female |
| autosomal chromosomes | the 22 pairs of chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes |
| mutation | any change in the DNA of a gene or a chromosome |
| sex-linked genes | a gene carried on a sex-chromosome |
| artificial selection | the process by which humans breed only those organisms with desired traits to produce the next generation; selective breeding |
| genetic engineering | the transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism, in order to produce an organism with desired traits |
| gene therapy | the process of replacing an absent or faulty gene with a normal working gene to treat a medical disease or disorder |
| clone | an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced |
| genome | the complete set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA |
Created by:
muellershauna
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