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HESI Grammar
Parts of Speech, Key Terms, and Common Grammatical Errors
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the eight parts of speech? | Noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. |
| What is a noun? | A word or group of words that names a person, place, thing or idea. |
| What are the four main types of nouns? | Common, proper, abstract, and collective. |
| What is a common noun? | General name of a person, place, or thing. Examples: school, country, teacher, pencil. |
| What is a proper noun? | The official name of a person, place, or thing. Examples: Washington Highschool, The United States of America, Mr. Fred. |
| What is an abstract noun? | The name of a quality or general idea. Example: integrity, popularity, democracy. |
| What is a collective noun? | A noun that represents a group. Example: flock, family, furniture." |
| What is a pronoun? | A word that takes the place of a noun. Example Sentence: "The students wanted their tests graded early." The word their is the pronoun to the noun students. Students then becomes the antecedent. |
| What are the two main types of pronouns? | Personal and possessive. |
| What is a singular word? | A word that refers to just one person or thing. |
| What is a pleural word? | A word that refers to more than one person or thing. |
| What is a personal pronoun? | A word that takes the place of a noun and refers to a specific person, place, thing, or idea being talked about. A personal pronoun can be singular or plural. |
| The personal pronouns in the English language are: | "I", "me", "you", "we", "us", "he", "him", "she", "her", "it", "they", and "them". |
| The possessive pronouns in English are: | "mine", "yours", "his", "hers", "its", "ours", "theirs", and "whose". No apostrophe should be added to possessive pronouns. |
| What does an adjective do in a sentence? | It describes the noun in the sentence. It answers the question what kind, which one, how many, or how much. |
| What is the subject of a sentence? | The person, place, or thing that is performing the action in the sentence, essentially "who or what" the sentence is about. |
| What is a verb? | It is the word that shows what action is taking place. It describes an action, occurrence, or state of being. Example: "run", "shout", "practice". |
| What is the predicate in a sentence? | The part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject (e.g., went home in John went home ). |
| How is a linking verb different from an action verb? | A linking verb connects the subject of a sentence to a description about that subject, essentially stating a state of being, while an action verb describes an action performed by the subject. |
| What are the most common forms of linking verbs? | Forms of the verb to be: "am", "is", "are", "was", "were", "being", and "been" (e.g., That man is my professor.). They sometimes relate to the five senses (e.g., looks in that exam looks difficult.). They may reflect a state of being: appear, seem, grow. |
| What is it called when a verb, acting like an adjective, describes a noun or pronoun. | A participle, which usually ends in -ing or -ed, further describes a noun. Example: "The running man was late." (Here, "running" is the present participle of "run" and acts as an adjective describing the man). |
| How do verbs express time? | Tenses: present, past, and future. |
| What does an adverb do? | Provides additional information about how, when, where, or to what extent something happens. |
| Give an example of an adverb modifying a verb. | "She carefully examined the evidence," where "carefully" (adverb) modifies the verb "examined" by explaining how she examined it. |
| Give examples of adverbs modifying adjectives. | Example: "very happy," "extremely tired," "slightly cold," "quite difficult," "incredibly patient," "undeniably beautiful," and "reasonably certain." |
| How can an adverb modify another adverb? | Example: "He spoke too loudly" where "too" (the adverb) modifies "loudly" (another adverb), indicating the degree of loudness; other examples include "She ate quite quickly." |
| Define preposition. | Shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence; used to show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object. |
| What are some commonly used prepositions? | Words like among, around, into, minus, near, outside, over, upon, without, unlike, onto, at. Example phrases: We left the house at noon. |
| Define conjunction. | A word that joins words, phrases, or clauses. |
| What is a clause? | A group of words that includes a predicate and a subject. Clauses are strung together to form sentences. |
| What's the difference between an independent (main) clause and a dependent (subordinate) clause? | A dependent clause relies on additional information to make it make sense; it is not a complete thought. An independent clause is a complete thought. Dependent clauses are added to independent clauses to create longer sentences. |
| Which words serve as coordinating conjunctions? | The words "and", "but", "or", "so", "nor", "for", and "yet" are used to connect two independent clauses. Place a comma before the conjunction. For example: I was at the store when I met him, but I met him in another life. |
| Commonly used subordinating conjunctions: | The words "after", "while", "because", "before", "until", "since", and "when" are used to begin subordinating clauses. "Even so", "once", "unless", "even though", "if", "so that," etc. |
| What is the punctuation rule to connect an independent clause (complete thought) to a dependent clause (incomplete thought). | If a dependent clause comes after the independent clause, no punctuation is needed. For example: It was my honor to reward him because he is a hard worker. |
| What is the punctuation rule to connect a dependent clause (incomplete thought) to an independent clause (complete thought). | When a dependent clause begins a sentence, use punctuation. For example: Because he is a hard worker, it was my honor to reward him. |
| What are correlative conjunctions: | Conjunctions that always come in noninterchangeable pairs: "either...or", "both...and", "neither...nor", "not only...but also", "whether...or ". |
| What is an interjection? | It is a word or phrase that expresses emotion. For example: Yikes in "Yikes, I took it too far this time,." |
| What is the direct object in a sentence? | The person or thing directly affected by the action of the verb. In the sentence "the students watched the professor fumble with his papers," the verb is watched and the direct object is the professor being watched. |
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Majestique
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