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Layers &Tectonics

Earth's Layers & Plate Tectonics

TermDefinition
CRUST Thin, outermost layer of Earth; made up of solid rock; where we live
MANTLE Thick layer of Earth located between the crust and the core; made of molten rock that flows very slowly due to heat
OUTER CORE Liquid layer of Earth's core located beneath the mantle; made of molten iron and nickel; creates Earth's magnetic field
INNER CORE Solid, dense center of Earth made mostly of iron and nickel; despite extreme heat this layer stays solid due to high pressure
LITHOSPHERE Outermost layer of Earth, made up of crust and upper mantle; is broken into tectonic plates
ASTHENOSPHERE Layer of mantle located just below lithosphere; made of partially melted rock that flows slowly, allowing tectonic plates to move
CONVERGENT BOUNDARY A boundary where two or more tectonic plates collide, causing one plate to move beneath the other in a process called subduction.
DIVERGENT BOUNDARY A point on Earth where two tectonic plates are moving apart from each other, causing magma to rise from the mantle and create new crustal material,
TRANSFORM BOUNDARY A tectonic plate boundary where two plates slide horizontally past each other, meaning they move sideways relative to one another, causing neither new crust to be created nor destroyed at the point of contact;
CONTINENTAL DRIFT The scientific theory that Earth's continents slowly move and drift apart from each other over time.
PLATE TECTONICS The theory that the Earth's surface is made up of large, rigid plates of solid rock that are constantly moving.
PLATE A large, rigid (stiff) piece of the Earth's lithosphere; can be continental or oceanic
FAULT A fracture in the Earth's crust that can be caused by the movement of tectonic plates, which are constantly moving due to convection currents beneath the Earth's surface.
RING OF FIRE A horseshoe-shaped zone around the Pacific Ocean that's known for its frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions:
SUBDUCTION Occurs when one tectonic plate is pushed down underneath another, melting in the mantle
PANGAEA A supercontinent that existed around 300–200 million years ago, and was made up of all the Earth's continents.
CONVECTION CURRENTS Circular movements of magma in the mantle caused by differences in temperature and density; drives the movement of tectonic plates
DENSITY A measure of how much mass is in a certain volume; differences in this caused Earth's layers to form.
What forms at convergent boundaries? Mountains, earthquakes, volcanoes, oceanic trenches
What forms at divergent boundaries? New crust, earthquakes, volcanic activity
What forms at transform boundaries? Earthquakes and fault lines
Created by: abbasim
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