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Body Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| tissue | a group of similar cells that perform a specific function |
| organ | a structure in a plant or animal that is composed of different kinds of tissues that perform a specific function or group of function |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform a major function for an organism |
| brain | main organ of the nervous system that controls most of the functions of the body |
| spinal cord | thick column of nervous tissue that links the brain to nerves in the body |
| Neuron | |
| nerve | bundle of neurons that transmits impulses between the nervous system and other parts of the body |
| Central Nervous System | part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord, controlling most functions of the body and mind |
| peripheral nervous system | network of nerves that branches out from the central nervous system to the rest of the body |
| reflex | involuntary, automatic response to a stimulus that occurs rapidly and without conscious control |
| gland | organ that produces and releases chemicals either through the ducts or directly into the bloodstream |
| hormone | chemical produced by a cell or gland in one part of the body that affects functions of other parts of the body |
| metabolism | combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up and breaks down materials |
| egg | female sex cell |
| sperm | male sex cell |
| fertilization | process in which a sperm cell and an egg cell join to form a new organism |
| testes | male organs that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone |
| ovaries | female organs that produce eggs and the hormones estrogen and progesterone |
| uterus | hollow, muscular organ where a developing baby grows |
| bone | organ that is made up of multiple tissues and forms the skeleton |
| skeleton | inner framework of bone and connective tissue that provides shape and support to the body |
| marrow | soft, spongy tissue found at the center of bones |
| joint | point where two or more bones come together |
| cardiac muscle | involuntary muscle found in the heart |
| skeletal muscle | voluntary muscle that attaches to the bones by connective tissue and produces the body’s movement |
| smooth muscle | involuntary muscle that facilitates muscle movement of the internal organs and blood vessels and is responsible for moving nutrients and waste through the body |
| blood | the main transporter of all materials necessary for the body to function |
| heart | hollow, muscular organ that is responsible for pumping blood through the circulatory system |
| lungs | organs of the respiratory system that bring oxygen into the body and remove waste gases |
| digestion | process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules |
| absorption | process by which nutrient molecules pass from your digestive system into your blood |
| stomach | muscular organ where a major part of digestion occurs |
| small intestine | long, tube-like organ where most chemical digestion and absorption take place |
| large intestine | tube-like organ that absorbs water and eliminates unabsorbed materials |
| excretion | process by which wastes are removed from the body |
| kidneys | main organs of the urinary system that act like filters for the blood |
| urea | a waste chemical removed from blood and excreted into urine |
| pathogen | a microorganism, such as a bacterium or virus, that causes infection |
| inflammatory response | second line of defense in which fluid and white blood cells leak from blood vessels and engulf pathogens in nearby tissues |
| immune response | process that occurs when the cells of the immune system react to each kind of pathogen with a specifically targeted defense |
| immunity | the body’s ability to destroy pathogens before they cause disease |
| immune | not affected or influenced by a pathogen |
Created by:
asplawn
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