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The Lathe
ENGR JC 2ND YR
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the features of the headstock | This has the hollow spindle (long bars) and the lathe gears mounted in it. The speed of the lathe can be adjusted using these gears. There is a three jaw self-centring chuck |
| How can the tailstock move | The tailstock is at the end/tail of the lathe. It can be moved along the bed of the lathe on the slideways. It can be clamped onto the bed |
| What can be done with the tailstock | used for holding taper shank drill bits, chucks, reamers and live centres can be held in the tailstock. |
| Describe the carriage | Moved along the lathe bed between the headstock and tailstock. The part which lies on the lathe is called the ‘Saddle’ and the part which lies down the front is called the ‘Apron’. |
| What does the cross slide do | This moves the cutting tool at right angle to the lathe bed/work in the chuck. |
| What does the top slide do and where is it mounted | It can be rotated to any angle and is used for taper turning. It is mounted on the cross slide and carries the tool post. |
| What does the feed shaft do | This is used to move the cross slide or carriage automatically. |
| What does the lead screw do | This is used for screw cutting on the lathe. |
| What is a Three Jaw Self-Centring Chuck used for | This is used for holding round or hexagonal work. It is self-centring so when tightened it forces the work piece to the centre. REVERSIBLE |
| How are the Three Jaw Self-Centring Chuck jaws tightened | A large chuck key is used to tighten the jaws. |
| What is the differences with a Four Jaw Independent Chuck. | The jaws on this chuck can be tightened independently. This chuck is used for eccentric turning. REVERSIBLE |
| What is eccentric turning | This means turning material off centre. Cam shafts or crankshafts in engines are done this way. |
| What are the 2 types of tool post | There are two types of tool holder, American type tool post and Four-way tool post. |
| How can the American type tool post be manipulated | When the locking screw is loosened the cutting tool can be rocked and the tool height adjusted. When this is done it throws off our cutting angles. Clearance and Rake are the two main angles we need to maintain. |
| What is the American type tool post suitable for | Light work. It is set on a rocker. |
| How can the 4-way tool post be used | The Four Way Tool post can hold four cutting tools at the same time. The required cutting tool is brought into position by releasing the locking nut and rotating the correct cutting tool around. |
| What are packing pieces | Packing pieces (very flat pieces of metal) are used to bring the cutting tool to the correct height. |
| What are the 3 types of tool holder | Tool holders are held in the tool post. There are three types, left hand, right hand and straight. |
| What are Lathe tools made of | These can be either high speed steel bits or tungsten carbide inserts on a solid cutting tool. |
| What is facing off | In facing the tool is moved at RIGHT ANGLES to the axis of rotation. A flat surface is produced at the end of the bar. |
| What is parallel turning | In parallel turning the tool is moved PARALLEL to the axis of rotation. This reduces the outer diameter of the bar. |
| What is taper turning | In taper turning you cut at an angle either towards or away from the axis of rotation. You have to adjust the cutting angle on the top slide to the required degrees. You are reducing the outer diameter of the bar gradually. |
| What is centre drilling | This is done prior to drilling and to support a lathe centre. It finds the direct centre of the bar making sure when you drill it’s centre ways. |
| What is needed for drill bits when drilling | When drilling the PARALLEL SHANK drill bit can be put into the chuck or a TAPER SHANK drill bit can be put directly into the tail stock. A MORSE TAPER SLEEVE might be needed for these drill bits. |
| What is knurling | This is the operation when grooves are pressed onto a rotating bar. These grooves offer better grip for the user. The lathe needs to be SLOWED DOWN for this process. |
| What are grades | There are different grades of knurling tool, fine, medium + coarse. |
| What happens when parting off | This is when the specialist parting off tool is moved AT RIGHT ANGLES to the axis of rotation. You cut off sections of bar that are needed or cut off waste sections of bar. UNDERCUTTING is a similar process but the bar isn’t entirely cut off. |
| What are the 2 types of centre and their uses | There are two types of lathe centre. A LIVE and DEAD centre. These are used to support long work on the lathe to stop the work from deflecting. A dead centre is stationary and a live centre rotates with the work. |
| What is the speed dependent on and give examples | The lathe is designed to run at different speeds as different cutting operations require different speeds. Knurling = Slow Facing = Fast Hard material (Steel) = Slow Soft material (Aluminium) = Fast |
| What is coolant and its use | Coolant can be used when cutting to reduce friction so it cuts easier and stops wear of the cutting tool. It keeps the piece cooler as well. It is a mixture of oil and water. |
| What does CNC stand for | Computer Numerical Control = CNC. |
| What are jog keys | These are used to manually move the cutting tool in the X and Z axes on the CNC lathe. |
| What are G Codes | G codes are used to move the cutting tool when using a computer. The G codes are put into the computer and then sent to the lathe where the operations are then carried out. |
| What are M Codes | M codes are used for controlling the lathe itself, such as turning on the spindle and stopping the movements to allow for a tool change. |
Created by:
georgejoseph
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