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Mitosis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | stores and protects the genetic information of a cell |
| Nucleolus | spherical structure in the nucleus that produces and assembles ribosomes |
| Nuclear Envelope | double membrane structure that surrounds the nucleus |
| Nuclear Pore | pores in the nuclear envelope that control the passages of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm |
| DNA | contains genetic information that an organism needs to develop, function, and reproduce |
| Chromatin | uncoiled stringy complex of DNA and protein |
| Chromosome | dense and compact bundles of chromatin that make it possible to separate DNA precisely during cell division |
| Sister Chromatids | two identical halves of a chromosome that have been replicated in preparation for cell division |
| Centromere | region of a chromosome where two sister chromatids are joined at the center |
| Centrioles | a pair of structures that organize spindle fibers during division in animal cells (plants do not have centrioles) |
| Spindle Fibers | microtubules that help to separate and move duplicated chromosomes during cell division |
| Cell division | process by which a parent cell divides and gives rise to two or more daughter cells. |
| Cell Cycle | Series of events that occur during the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells from the division of a mother cell. |
| Interphase | Longest part of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division. There are three stages to this part of the cell cycle. The cell spends 90% of its life cycle in this stage. |
| G1 (Gap 1) | First part of interphase where the cell grows in size and duplicates organelles |
| S (Synthesis) | Second part of interphase where the cell synthesizes a copy of DNA when the chromosomes are replicated |
| G2 (Gap 2) | Third part of interphase where the cell grows larger and reorganizes its genetic material in preparation for mitosis. |
| Mitosis | Part of the cell cycle where somatic (body) cells divide to produce two genetically identical daughter cells (identical DNA). Made up of four stages (PMAT) |
| Prophase | First stage of Mitosis. The chromatin condenses into chromosomes. The centrioles separate and the spindle begin to form. The nuclear envelope breaks down. |
| Metaphase | Second stage of Mitosis. The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Each chromosome is connected to a spindle fiber at its centromere. |
| Anaphase | Third stage of Mitosis. The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart. |
| Telophase | The fourth and final stage of Mitosis. The chromosomes gather at opposite ends and lose their distinct shapes. Two nuclear envelopes will form |
| Cytokinesis | This part of the cell cycle completes the process of cell division. The cytoplasm pinches in half to create two identical daughter cells. Each daughter cell has an identical set of duplicate chromosomes. |
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