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APHON

Overview Of Childhood Cancer

QuestionAnswer
What is cancer genetic mutation (permanent DNA alteration, begins in single cell(Clonal)).
Genetic mutation in CA results in 4 cellular changes: list Lack of differentiation, loss of contact inhibition, unregulated growth, cellular immortality
children at increased risk for CA (4) GENETIC PREDISPOSITION (eg: downs, li-fraumeni, retinoblastoma gene) IMMUNODEFICIENCY (congenital/ acquired, treatment related) Hx OF CA, PRIOR CA TREATMENT
Cancer is the number X cause of dealth in children #2
2 broad classifications of childhood cancer 1. hematological malignancies (Leukemia, lymphoma) 2. solid tumors (CNS tumor, Neuroblastoma, rhabdomysarcoma, wilms,ewings, osteosa
Three layers of embryonic tissue ectoderm (CNS & SNS (adrenal)) , mesoderm (blood, lympatics, bone, muscle, pleura, heart, kidney, gonads), endoderm (epithelium, GI tract, Thyroid). Most childhood cancers from mesoderm or ectoderm
Common hematological cancers of childhood Leukemia (blood/marrow) Lymphoma (lymph)
Common solid tumors of childhood CNS tumors (brain/spine) Neuroblastoma (SNS) Rhabdomyosarcoma (muscle) Wilms tumor (kidney) Ewing’s sarcoma, osteosarcoma (bone) Retinoblastoma (eye)
Characteristics of Childhood Cancer Usually affects deep tissues Often disseminated at diagnosis Sometimes related to peak growth periods No screening or early detection available Usually very responsive to therapy 75% overall cure rate
Childhood Cancers with onset in infancy/ early childhood Neuroblastoma Wilms tumor Retinoblastoma
Childhood cancers with onset in adolescence Hodgkin’s lymphoma Osteosarcoma
Reason for improved survival in peds cancer Clinical trials Multimodality therapy Intense supportive care Multidisciplinary approach
Treatment modalities in childhood cancer Chemotherapy Radiation Surgery Hematopoietic stem cell transplant Biotherapy
Impact of childhood cancer Loss of control Living with uncertainty Potential loss of future of child of future generations Developmental issues Family issues
Year APHON formed 1973
Created by: JennRN
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