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Bio Exam 5
Molecular bio and biotechnology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The 2 DNA strands are ___________, where 1 strand will have the 3’C of sugar in the “upward” position and the other strand will have the 5’C in the “upward” position. | Antiparallel |
| A permanent change in DNA sequence, which occurs if mistakes are not corrected is called: | : Mutation |
| DNA is wrapped tightly around proteins called ___________ during packaging. | Histones |
| The enzyme ____________ unwinds & opens the DNA helix by breaking bonds between the strands during DNA replication. | Helicase |
| Which of the following is FALSE about RNA | It is found only in the nucleus |
| A promoter: | is a DNA sequence where the enzyme RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription. |
| Which of the following is TRUE about the template strand during the process of transcription | It is the DNA strand that specifies the complementary mRNA strand. |
| One strand of DNA has the sequence 3’-TACCGGCCAATAATTCGA-5’. What is the mRNA sequence on the other strand | AUGGCCGGUUAUUAAGCU |
| Using the codon table, what is the resulting amino acid chain from the mRNA sequence AUGGCCGGUUAUUAAGCU | Met – Ala – Gly – Tyr – stop |
| Amino acids are assembled into proteins: | On ribosomes |
| An anticodon is found on: | tRNA |
| What is the correct order for the process of DNA replication | Initiation, elongation, termination |
| What is the correct order of the Central Dogma | DNA → mRNA → protein |
| The most well-known example of an antibiotic is _____________. | Penicillin |
| Farmers selected for plant/crop varieties with desirable traits long before modern-day biotechnology thru _________________. | Selective breeding |
| What is a genetically modified organism (GMO) | An organism whose genome has been artificially changed with recombinant DNA |
| The building blocks of DNA are called: | Nucleotides |
| What 2 parts of a nucleotide create the backbone for each single strand of DNA: | Sugar & phosphate group |
| The 2 strands of DNA are held together by _________bonds: | Hydrogen |
| Guanine (G) pairs with ________, whereas adenine (A) in DNA pairs with ________: | Cytosine (C), thymine (T) |
| One strand of DNA has the sequence AGTCATGA. Using the base-pairing rules, what is the DNA sequence on the other strand: | Answer: b) TCAGTACT |
| What type of nucleic acid is single stranded and is involved in protein synthesis: | Answer: d) RNA |
| Which of the following is FALSE: | Answer: c) DNA is packaged up in the nucleus of prokaryotes |
| Loosely coiled DNA is called _______, whereas, tightly coiled DNA is called ______: | Answer: a) Chromatin, chromosome |
| The ____________ DNA strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction: | Answer: a) Leading strand |
| Which of the following repairs thymine dimers caused by UV light: | Answer: c) Nucleotide excision |
| The process of making mRNA from the DNA code is called: | Answer: d) Transcription |
| Adenine (A) in DNA pairs with what nitrogenous base in RNA: | Answer: b) Uracil (U) |
| One strand of DNA has the sequence AGTCATGA. What is the mRNA sequence on the other strand: | Answer: c) UCAGUACU |
| Protein synthesis is also called: | Answer: b) Translation |
| Which of the following is not part of the "machinery" for protein synthesis: | Answer: a) DNA |
| This molecule actually "translates" the language of RNA into the language of proteins: | Answer: d) tRNA |
| A codon can be defined as: | Answer: c) 3 mRNA nucleotides = 1 amino acid |
| In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the _______, whereas, translation occurs in the _________: | Answer: d) Nucleus; cytoplasm |
| A "charged" tRNA means it has a specific _________ attached to it: | Answer: b) Amino acid |
| Using the codon table in your homework, what is the resulting peptide chain from this mRNA sequence: 5'-AUGGGCUACCGA-3': | Answer: a) Met – Gly – Tyr - Arg |
| What is the name of the enzymes that are used in DNA Fingerprinting that will cut DNA into fragments: | Answer: c) Restriction enzymes |
| In gel electrophoresis of DNA, the different bands in the gel form because the DNA molecules __________: | Answer: a) Have different lengths/sizes |
| Which of the following is FALSE about gel electrophoresis: | Answer: b) Large molecules move faster thru the gel |
| Which of the following is a reason for doing DNA Fingerprinting: | Answer: d) All the above |
| What is a genetically modified organism (GMO) | An organism whose genome has been artificially changed with recombinant DNA |
| Some prokaryotes have extra circular DNA called ___________ that clone genes so they can be added into other organisms: | Plasmid |
| ________________identifies gene variants (i.e. defects/mutations) in an individual that may lead to a genetic disease in that individual such as breast cancer & cystic fibrosis: | Genetic testing |
| In general, antibiotics kill _______________, which can be created by biotechnology: | Bacteria |
| What is the goal of GMOs in plants/crops: | All the above |
| The Bt toxin was introduced into plants to act as a/an: | Insecticide |
| Which of the following enzymes seals the gaps between the Okazaki fragments at the end of DNA replication? | DNA ligase |
| Transcription occurs in the ____________ in prokaryotic cells. | .Cytoplasm |
Created by:
mahak
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