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Bio Lab exam 4

genetics

QuestionAnswer
What is genetics The study of heredity
What did Mendel develop Principles of inheritance
What plant was used to study heredity Pea plants
What is dominance One form of a hereditary trait dominates the recessive trait
Segregation Splitting of chromosomes during meiosis
Recombination Combining chromosomes from both sperm and egg (fertilization)
Independent assortment Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes.
What is diploid 2 sets of chromosomes (46)
Monoploid 1 set of chromosomes (23)
How many alleles do parents have 2 alleles
Gametes 1 allele
Law of dominance One form of a hereditary trait dominates or prevents the expression of a recessive trait
Dominance The dominant gene in an allelic pair is expressed CAPITAL
Recessive The trait Is masked by the dominant characteristic lowercase
Allele The dominant or recessive form of a gene
Genotype Genetic makeup of an individual
Phenotype Appearance of the offspring
Homozygous Pure, both alleles are the same
Heterozygous Hybrid, 2 different alleles of the same trait.
What are the types of possible hybrid cross outcomes Homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, and heterozygous dominant
What plant/vegetable did we use to study dominant and recessive traits corn
What traits did we observe in the lab Purple and yellow kernels, smooth and wrinkles.
What is codominance two different versions of a gene are expressed equally and produce different traits in an individual. Neither allele is dominant over the other.
Incomplete dominance Blending inheritance, when an allele is only partially dominant over another.
Law of independent assortment the alleles of two genes will separate into daughter cells independent of one another. That means that the allele a cell receives for one gene is not influenced by an allele it receives for another gene.
Gene linkage If the genes for 2 different traits are on the same chromosome pair, then they’re linked and usually inherited together.
Crossing over In prophase. Homologous chromosomes exchange segments, results in increase varied offspring.
What trait is controlled by more than 2 different alleles Human blood type
What is sex linkage When a gene is located on a sex chromosome, often causing traits to be more common in males because they only need one recessive allele while females need two.
Can the environment interact with genes in the development and expression of inherited traits yes
electrophoretic conditions pH, voltage, and gel time.
pH Makes sure DNA stays negatively charged so the fragments migrate toward the positive electrode.
Voltage Determines speed of migration. Higher voltage=faster but may destroy DNA bonds.
gel time The longer the gel runs, the more the DNA fragments separate by size.
Electrophoresis used to determine DNA fragment length
What is southern blotting method used to detect specific DNA sequences within a mixture by transferring DNA from the gel to a membrane and using a probe to get targeted DNA.
Darkness of Fragment Bands Darker bands mean more DNA in that size group. A lot of DNA in one spot will stain darker.
What causes the fragment bands to be darker the amount of DNA in the fragment is directly related to the darkness of the band after staining with ethidium bromide (dye)
What do the Distance between DNA bands helps us determine the similarities between samples
What is this an image of Gel electrophoresis
how to relate it to who was the criminal Match the banding pattern from the crime scene sample to one of the suspect samples. The suspect whose DNA pattern is identical to the crime scene’s is the likely match.
what do each of the 4 wells stood for Well 1: DNA Marker Well 2: Crime scene DNA. Well 3: Suspect 1's DNA. Well 4: Suspect 2's DNA
Created by: mahak
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