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Life's Substances

TermDefinition
Organic Compounds MUST HAVE BOTH Carbon and Hydrogen (together)
Inorganic Compounds DO NOT HAVE Carbon and Hydrogen TOGETHER
WHAT ARE THE 4 ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES? 1. CARBOHYDRATES 2. LIPIDS 3. PROTEINS 4. NUCLEIC ACIDS
What are the building blocks (or subunits) of CARBOHYDRATES? Monosaccharides (or simple sugars) EX: glucose have one ring
What 3-letters do the names of sugars usually end in? “OSE” EX: GLUOSE SUCROSE
What is a disaccharide? 2 simple sugars or monosaccharides bonded together
Where are the following polysaccharides found and what is the job of each: Starch Glycogen Cellulose --Starch STORED CARBS IN PLANTS --Glycogen- STORED GLUCOSE IN ANIMALS (in the liver) --Cellulose--makes up the cell walls of plants
What is the main job of carbohydrates? MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR LIVING THINGS
What are the building blocks of PROTEINS? Amino Acids
How many different Amino Acids are there? 20
Why is the order of amino acids so important? The sequence OR order of amino acids determines the type of PROTEIN! **If the order of amino acids changes, the type of protein changes. ***A Protein is a POLY peptide Made of amino acids linked together with PEPTIDE bonds
What are the special type of bonds that bond amino acids together to make PROTEIN? peptide bonds
What is a Polypeptide? a Protein! (many amino acids bonded together = protein!) Polypeptide IS a Protein
What element can help you determine that a compound is a protein? NITROGEN (N)
What is the role of proteins play in living things? --Growth & Repair of cells and tissues --Part of the cell membrane --Enzymes --Hormones
What are 4 ways lipids are used by living things? 1. STORED ENERGY (sometimes for use during hibernation) 2. INSULATION (KEEP WARM in cold climates) 3. PROTECT ORGANS 4. MAKE UP THE CELL MEMBRANE
What type of organic compounds are enzymes? PROTEINS
What is a catalyst? Something that speeds up the rate of reaction WITHOUT being used in the process (All enzymes are CATALYSTS)
What is a substrate? any molecule that an enzyme reacts with (anything an enzyme puts together or breaks down)
What 3-letters do most enzymes end with? “ASE” EX: LIPASE SUCRASE
What is the active site of an enzyme? The part of the enzyme where the reaction happens
What is the Enzyme-Substrate Complex? a temporary molecule formed when the substrate bonds (combines) with the enzyme.
ENZYMES ARE VERY SPECIFIC! What are the 3 ways that enzymes are specific? 1. with the Substrate (what they react with)-because of the SHAPE at the active site! 2. Temperature-enzymes have optimum temperatures in which they work 3. pH-enzymes have an optimum pH in which they work
How does temperature affect enzyme activity? when temperature gets too high (above “Optimum" Temperature), the enzyme DENATURES (changes shape and will not work)
How does pH affect enzyme activity? enzymes have an optimum pH that they work at. If they are not in the right pH, they denature (change shape) and NO LONGER WORK enzymes have an optimum pH that they work at. If they are not in the right pH, they denature (change shape) and NO LONGER WORK
What part of the enzyme gets damaged when it denatures? the active site (the SHAPE changes)
What does pH measure? how acidic or basic a substance is
A substance with a pH of 7 is _________________ NEUTRAL
A substance with a pH LOWER than 7 is an ________________. ACID
A substance with a pH HIGHER than 7 is a _______________. BASE
What is one nucleic acid & what is its job/role? DNA -hereditary information - -codes for the production of proteins
Created by: Mrs. Curcio
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