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Burns_Earth System+
Earth as a System and Layers of Earth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which layer of Earth is the densest? | Core |
| What is the source of INTERNAL heat on Earth? | Earth's core is still hot from its formation. |
| The convection currents of hot rock are found in the: Lithosphere? Asthenosphere? Mesosphere | Asthenosphere |
| What layer of Earth are convection currents of hot rock found? (Crust? Mantle? Core?) | Mantle |
| How do scientists learn about Earth's interior (we can only drill into crust a few miles)? | Seismic waves change speed as they move through different materials. |
| Seismic waves | vibrations produced by earthquakes or explosions that travel through Earth. |
| What are Earth's 3 major compositional layers? | crust, mantle, and core. |
| Crust | thin, solid, outer layer of Earth. Made of light silica-rich rocks (light) |
| Moho | Mohorovicic discontinuity - boundary between crust and mantle |
| Mantle | layer under crust made of denser rock (less silica, more iron) |
| Core | Center layer of Earth; densest; hottest; made of heavy metals like iron and nickel. About 1/2 of Earth's diameter is this layer. |
| What layers of Earth make up the "plates"? | Crust and upper mantle |
| What are the 3 sub divisions of the mantle? | Lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere |
| Lithosphere | Crust and upper mantle; a rigid layer makes up Earth's plates |
| Asthenosphere | Layer of soft moving/flowing rock in the mantle;"plasticity"; rock is softened due to heat and pressure |
| Mesosphere | Solid rock in the lower mantle; very dense |
| Outer core | Liquid metal layer of core |
| Inner core | Solid metal layer of core |
| Which layer of the core is liquid? | Outer |
| What is the source of Earth's magnetic field? | motion of liquid iron in the outer core |
| How do temperature and pressure change as you move from the surface to the center of Earth. | They increase |
| Which layer is the Least Dense? | Crust |
| Which type of crust is older, thicker, and lighter? | Continental Crust |
| System | organized group of related objects or components that interact as part of a whole. |
| Matter | anything that has mass and takes up space; "stuff" |
| Energy | ability to do work; can be transferred in in a variety of forms - light, vibrations, electromagnetic waves |
| Closed System | a system in which energy, but not matter is exchanged with surroundings |
| Open System | a system in which matter AND energy are exchanged with surroundings |
| What are the 4 spheres of Earth that house matter? | 1. Atmosphere; 2. Hydrosphere; 3. Geosphere; 4. Biosphere |
| Atmosphere | blanket of gas that surrounds Earth; 78% oxygen, 21%oxygen |
| Hydrosphere | All of the water on Earth (except water vapor in atmosphere); 97% salty, 3% fresh |
| Geosphere | mostly solid, rocky part of Earth; extends from crust to core |
| Biosphere | part of Earth where life exists; includes all living organisms |
| True or False? In a closed system, matter can be added or removed. | False |
| In an open system, matter can be added an removed. | True |
| A lake is an example of a (open/closed) system. Support your answer with a reason. | Open - Water is added when it rains and removed by evaporation. |
| Convection Current | Movement of hot, less dense material from center to surface and movement of cooler, denser material from surface to center. Circular loop |
| What is the cause/source of the convection currents of rock in Earth's interior? | Differences in heat from the surface to core; As long as Earth's interior is hotter than the surface there will be convection currents of rock. |
| What are the results of convection currents of rock in Earth's interior? | Moving plates (Plate tectonics) that create mountain ranges and ocean basins. |
| When volcanoes release carbon dioxide gas, they are moving matter from the _______ sphere to the ______ sphere. | Geosphere to atmosphere |
| When plankton take in carbon dioxide that is dissolved in the ocean and use it for making food or shells, they are moving carbon from the _______ sphere to the _______ sphere | hydrosphere to biosphere |
| When plankton die, get buried on the ocean floor, and become rock ... they are moving carbon from the ________sphere to the _____ sphere. | biosphere to geosphere |
| True or False: Earth is mostly a CLOSED system. | True |
| Type of crust made of rocks like basalt. | Oceanic crust |
| Why is the ocean crust younger than the continental crust? | It gets recycled at subduction zones. The ocean crust gets pushed back into the mantle and destroyed. |
| Which layer of Earth is made up of light, silica rocks? | Crust |
| Which layer of Earth is made up of heavy rock? | Mantle |
| The only layer with liquid composition? (Crust, mantle, core) | Core (Outer core) |
| Why does Earth have layers? | While early Earth was still molten, it separated into layers by DENSITY. Heavy materials (metals) sank to center and light materials (silica) floated on top. |
Created by:
burnsie
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