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bio review 3/4

chemistry of life

QuestionAnswer
dehydration synthesis take out water to synthesize
adhesion water molecules will stick to other substances, esp bc polar
denaturation when a protein unravels due to heat, or pH change, or concentration
polar a molecule where electrons are not shared equally between atoms, resulting in distinct positive and negative poles on the molecule
hydrophobi repels water
protein/polypeptide multiple peptides or amino acids-amino acids joined by peoptide bonds
hydrolysis break apart using water
surface tension The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its molecules. - hydrogen bonds
monomer molecule or atom
non-polar molecules that do not have any electrical charges or partial charges - symmetrical, similar electrical charges
hydrophilic likes water
lipid a fatty compound - non polar bc hydrophobic
cohesion when water will tend to stick together
hydrogen bond what bonds water
polymer polymer - multiple monomers
R-group he variable side chain attached to the central carbon atom of an amino acid, which gives each amino acid its unique chemical properties and ultimately influences the structure and function of the protein it forms a part of
carbohydrate glucose - energy source
nucleic acid They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomer components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
elements on carbs, lipids, proteins? C, H, O
element unique to proteins and nucleic acid? nitrogen
element unique to nucleic acid? phosphorous
carbon cycle through ecosystem? cellular respiration and photosynthesis
monomers of carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid? The monomers for carbohydrates are monosaccharides, for lipids are glycerol and fatty acids, for proteins are amino acids, and for nucleic acids are nucleotides
what bonds connect monomers? covalent bonds
functional groups? they are the group attached to the amino acids that make up a protein - dictates the function
carbs in the body? energy production and storage
lipids in the body? hormones, long term energy storage, cell membrane, insulation, protection
proteins in the body? build and repair, transport oxygen, digestion
nucleic acid in body? dna
how do amino acids determine the function of a protein? Amino acids determine the function of a protein by dictating its three-dimensional structure through their sequence and chemical properties
levels of protein structure? Primary: amino acid sequence of the protein's polypeptide chain Secondary: arrangement of the polypeptide's backbone atoms Tertiary: 3d structure of the entire polypeptide chain
physical arrangement and directionality of DNA affects overall function anti parallel - dictate direction for dna polymerase to add new nucleotides
Created by: victoria.ap106
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