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Cardiac
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is CAD | Progressive disease leading to narrowing or occlusion (blockage) of the coronary arteries. |
| what is angina and why does it cause pain | Angina pectoris (chest pain) occurs when blood supply to the heart is decreased or totally obstructed. Pain results from ischemia (inadequate blood and oxygen supply |
| how does a MI alter the pumping efficient of the heart | it causes myocardial necrosis which decrease pumping efficient and cannot contract effectively |
| which lab test is most indicative in indicating a MI has occurred | Troponin (Elevated levels are most indicative of an MI as these enzymes are specific to heart muscle damage.) |
| statins s/e | Statins can injure muscle tissue and are toxic to the liver in some patients. |
| how should nitroglycerin meds be stored | should be kept in a cool, dark place and should be kept with pt at all times |
| What is the difference between exertional angina and unstable angina | Unstable angina attacks are unpredictable and do not follow a pattern, as do stable angina attacks. Unstable angina can progress into a (MI) and a medical emergency |
| what are the benefits for taking a daily dose of 81mg of aspirin | reduce clotting by prolonging clotting time, thus helping prevent clots that can cause an MI. |
| Benefits of using an arterial closure device during a cardiac catheterization include | enables the patient to be ambulatory within 2 hours after the cardiac catheterization procedure |
| Alteplase (t-PA) is given to the patient with a MI for what purpose | Alteplase (t-PA) is a thrombolytic drug that will dissolve the clot if given within 12 hours of the MI. |
| Thrombolytic agents are contraindicated in people with | uncontrolled hypertension, GI bleeds, recent intracranial or intraspinalsurgery, or aneurysm because of threat of excessive bleeding |
| why would a stool softener be prescribed to a post MI patient | can keep pt from straining during bowel movements, which can lower the heart rate |
| The nurse assesses a friction rub in a patient who is 2 days post– (MI). The nurse recognizes this finding indicates which problem | pericarditis (Friction rubs occur when the inflamed area of the infarct rubs the pericardium) |
| S/S of cardiogenic shock | decreased cardiac output, decreased BP, confusion, restlessness, diaphoresis, rapid and thready pulse, increased RR, cold and clammy skin, urinary output less than 20 mL/hr |
| Causative agents for angina | exertion, emotional excitement, eating heavy meals, and exposure to cold |
| Herbs an supplement that help lower cholesterol | garlic, whole grains and soy products |
| diagnosis of MI is made by | pt history elevated troponin levels (serum cardiac enzyme) ECG (changes in the QRS complex) |
| MONA | Morphine, oxygen, nitrates, and aspirin |
| Cardiac rehab services include | nutritional counseling, specialized exercise programs, and stress-reduction techniques |
| a temporary pacemaker is warranted when | patient’s pulse consistently remains below 40 and when the patient experiences complete heart block |
| Tissue necrosis from arterial obstruction is referred to as | infraction |
| sequence of arterial obstruction | - Streaks of fatty material are laid down in arteries -(LDLs) accumulate - Fibrous plaque is laid down in vessel -Platelets adhere to plaque -Platelets clump. -Platelets calcify |
| if a STEMI has occurred these interventions are done promptly | oxygen IV access cardiac monitoring IV morphine sulfate ECG; and management of dysrhythmias |
| Medications prescribed after MI may include | nitrates, antihypertensives, anticoagulants, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and antidysrhythmic drugs. |
| Nursing care after cardiac catheterization include | cardiac monitoring, maintaining pt in supine position with legs straight for 2 hours, monitoring femoral area for hematoma, assessing peripheral pulses and monitoring urinary output |
| A heart transplant may be given for a patient | end-stage left ventricular heart failure, history of HF, need increasing doses/types of meds, good renal function |
| Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG) | is performed when ischemia cannot be controlled medically or to prevent greater occlusion and consequent MI. |
| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) | nonsurgical technique to open arteries, performed in catheterization using fluoroscopy. A catheter with a balloon tip is threaded into the artery, balloon is inflated, pushing aside the plaque and widening the interior of the artery |
| Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) | If only a few areas of stenosis are identified, a PCI may be performed |
| Cardiogenic shock | Significant drop in systolic blood pressure (>20 points); diaphoresis; rapid pulse; cold, clammy skin; gray skin; restlessness. |
| Dysrhythmia | Irregular pulse; abnormal ECG pattern. Ventricular fibrillation is the most common complication after MI. Report more than six PVCs per minute, heart rate >120 or <40 bpm |
| Heart failure (HF) | Dyspnea; pedal edema; sacral edema; crackles, distended neck veins; enlarged, tender liver; weight gain of more than 2 lb in 24 h; pulmonary edema. |
| Ventricular aneurysm | Outpouching of ventricular wall may cause HF, dysrhythmias, and angina. May cause formation of thrombi that lead to a stroke. |
Created by:
snmartin
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